IMPACT OF SMOKE EXPOSURE AND PREECLAMPSIA TO PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES; CASE STUDY IN ANUTAPURA HOSPITAL (KESAN PENDEDAHAN ASAP DAN PREEKLAMPSIA KE ATAS PEMBENGKAKAN PRAMATANG MEMBRAN: KAJIAN KES DI HOSPITAL ANUTAPURA)
Abstract
Abstract
Premature rupture of membranes is a major cause of maternal mortality in developed countries and developing countries. The content of cigarette smoke are nicotine that can endanger the health of pregnant women and fetuses. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of second hand smoke exposure and preeclampsia on premature rupture of membranes in Anutapura Hospital Palu City. This study was an observational study with case-control approach. Subject maternity cases are experiencing premature rupture of membranes, and the control group was mothers with normal birth. Sample cases and controls respectively 30 and 60 respondents with education as matching. Samples were selected in total sampling;data were analysed using odds ratio at the limit of significance (95%). The results showed that exposure of cigarette smoke is a strong factor against the risk of premature rupture membrane with OR 4.333, 95% CI = 1.341-13. While preeclampsia is not at risk premature rupture of membranes with OR 1.195, 95% CI = 0.430-3.318. Considering the importance of the effect of tobaccoexposure on premature rupture of membranes, it is suggested that important to avoid exposure of tobacco. Besides, keeping control of blood pressure during pregnancy is also needed.
Keywords: Premature Rupture Membranes, Mother Maternity, Smoking Behaviour, Preeclampsia
Â
Abstrak
Pembengkakan pramatang membran adalah penyebab utama kematian ibu di negara maju dan negara-negara membangun. Kandungan asap rokok adalah nikotin yang boleh membahayakan kesihatan wanita hamil dan janin. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan risiko pendedahan asap rokok dan preeklamsia pada pembengkakan pramatang membran di Hospital Anutapura, Bandar Palu. Kajian ini adalah kajian observasi dengan pendekatan kawalan kes. Kes subjek bersalin mengalami pecah pramatang membran, dan kumpulan kawalan adalah ibu dengan kelahiran normal. Kes dan kawalan sampel masing-masing 30 dan 60 responden dengan pendidikan sebagai sepadan. Sampel dipilih dalam jumlah persampelan, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan nisbah odds pada batas kepentingan (95%). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pendedahan asap rokok adalah faktor yang kuat terhadap risiko membran pecah pramatang dengan ATAU 4.333, 95% CI = 1.341-13. Walaupun preeclampsia tidak berisiko pecah pramatang membran dengan OR 1.195, 95% CI = 0.430-3.318. Memandangkan kepentingan kesan ketoksikan tembakau pada pecah membran pramatang, disarankan agar penting untuk mengelakkan pendedahan tembakau. Selain itu, menjaga kawalan tekanan darah semasa kehamilan juga diperlukan.
Kata kunci: Pembengkakan Pramatang Membran, Ibu Bersalin, Perilaku Merokok, Preeklampsia.
References
Alam, M. M., Saleem, A. F., Shaikh, A. S., Munir, O., & Qadir, M. (2014). Neonatal sepsis following prolonged rupture of membranes in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 8(1), 67–73. http://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3136
Ahmed, K., Ahmed, S., Handady, S., Alawad, A., & Ali, S. (2015). Advanced maternal age and late pregnancy outcome at Omdurman New Hospital in Sudan. International Journal of Medicine, 3(2), 115–117. http://doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v3i2.5357
Alam, M. M., Saleem, A. F., Shaikh, A. S., Munir, O., & Qadir, M. (2014). Neonatal sepsis following prolonged rupture of membranes in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 8(1), 67–73. http://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3136
Athanasakis, E. (2012). Ealth cience ournal ®. Health Science Journal, 6(2), 773–783.
Derakhshi, B., Esmailnasab, N., Ghaderi, E., & Hem-Matpour, S. (2014). Risk Factor of Preterm Labor in the West of Iran: A Case-Control Study. Iranian J Publ Health, 43(4), 499–506. Retrieved from http://ijph.tums.ac.ir
Dwi Sarwani SR dan Sri Nurlaela, 2010, Maternal Risk Factor Risk Analysis (Case Study In Banyumas District), Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine And Health Sciences University General Soedirma Volume 60 No.1. Page 1-10
Ensor, T., Cooper, S., Davidson, L, Fitzmaurice, A. and Graham, W.J. 2010. The Impact of Economic Recession on Maternal, and Infant Mortality: Lessons from History. BMC Public Health, 10(2):pp 727-730
Lia, X., Zhua, J., Dai, L., Li, M., Miao, L., Liang, J. and Wang, Y. 2010. Trends in Maternal Mortality Due to Obstetric Hemorrhage in Urban, and Rural China. J. Perinat. Med. 39: pp 35–41
Melorose, J., Perroy, R., & Careas, S. (2012). Cervicovaginal Infection during Pregnancy and Its Relation to Preterm Pre-Labour Rupture Of Membranes. Journal Of American Science, 8(12), Pp 364–373.
Muntoha, Suhartono, NurEndah W., 2013. Relationship Between Historical Exposure of Cigarette Smoke and Early Rupture of Amniotic Inflammation in Pregnant Womens in Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal, .Journal of Environmental Health Indonesia. Central Java.Vol. 12 No.1 / April. Page 28-34
Nurul Huda, 2012, Factors Influencing Early Rupture of Burial in PKU Hospital Muhamadiyah Surakarta, Faculty of Health Sciences Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Osungbade K., O. &Ige O., K. (2011). Public Health Perspectives of Preeclampsia in Developing Countries: Implication for Health System Strengthening. International Journal of Pregnancy, 20(10): Page 1-3.
Putu Kenny, 2013, Compliance Drug Consumption of Hypertension Patients In Denpasar Judging From Personality Type A And Type B, Vol 1, No. 1. Page 32-42. Psychology Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Udayana University.
Rahele Alijahan, Sadegh Hazrati, 2014,.Prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in Ardabil, Iran. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine. Vol. 12. No. 1. pp: 47-56.
RISKESDAS, 2013, Basic Health Research Report of Central Sulawesi Prevalence of Hypertension.
Zisovska,.2010., Tobacco influence on the neonataloutcome. Italian Journal of Public Health. Year 8.Volume 7. Number 3. Page 249 – 255.
