Overweight and Obesity among School-Aged Adolescents in Yaounde (Cameroon)

Authors

  • H. Blaise Nguendo Yongsi Institute of Population Studies (IFORD) University of Yaounde II Cameroon

Keywords:

Prevalence, risks factors, obesity, overweight, adolescents, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Abstract

Context: Overweight and obesity are a major public health problem due to its association with serious chronic diseases. Concerning childhood overweight/obesity, its rise in developing countries is so that there is a need to provide more evidence on its burden and associated factors in order to set preventive measures. Objective: This study was designed to know the prevalence and related factors of overweight and obesity amongst adolescents in Yaoundé- Cameroon, and to draw their epidemiological profile. Methods: This is a cross-sectional randomized epidemiological study among adolescents in school settings, with the use of quantitative methods. A total number of 252 adolescents aged from 10years-18years from 12 secondary institutions had participated in this study. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.6% and 4.3% respectively. Results revealed that practices associated with overweight and obesity are increase in age (R = 0.42, p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001). Also, the use of bikes, cars or buses to go to school compared to walking (OR: 0.26; CI: 0.14 – 0.64; p = 0.0026) increase the risk of being overweight or obese. After adjusting the multivariable logistic model for age and sex with our study variables, it reveals that the odds of being obese for those who consume alcohol once a week were nine fold higher than that of those who consumed 2-5 times a week (OR: 9.37; CI: 1.34 to 193.41). Conclusion: This results show that there is a need for health education in schools so as to help in health promotion and prevention, therefore avoid chronic disease conditions at older ages.

Author Biography

H. Blaise Nguendo Yongsi, Institute of Population Studies (IFORD) University of Yaounde II Cameroon

Associate Professor

Public Health Department

References

Choukem, S.-P., Kamdeu-Chedeu, J., Leary, S. D., Mboue-Djieka, Y., Nebongo, D. N., Akazong, C., Mapoure, Y. N., Hamilton-Shield, Julian P., Gautier, J-F., Mbanya, J. C. Overweight and obesity in children aged 3–13 years in urban Cameroon: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with socio-economic status. BMC Obesity, 2017. 4:7

Marie, N., Fleming, D., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., Abraham, J. P. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The LANCET, 2014. 384:766-781.

Fezeu, L. K., Assah, F. K., Balkau, B., Mbanya, D. S., Kengne, A.-P., Awah, P. K., & Mbanya, J.-C. N. Ten-year Changes in Central Obesity and BMI in Rural and Urban Cameroon. Obesity. A Research Journal, 2008. 1144–1147.

Stamatakis E, J Wardle, T J Cole. Childhood obesity and overweight prevalence trends in England: evidence for growing socioeconomic disparities. International Journal of Obesity, 2010. 34:41–47

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128•9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet, 2016. 390(10113): 2627-2642

Llewellyn A. M. Simmonds C. G. Owen N. Woolacott. Childhood obesity as a predictor of morbidity in adulthood: a systematic review and metaâ€analysis. Obesity reviews, 2016. pp 56-67

Czyż, S., Toriola, A., Starościak, W., Lewandowski, M., Paul, Y., & Oyeyemi, A. Physical Fitness, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, or Diet-What Are the Correlates of Obesity in Polish School Children? Int J Environ Res Public Health., 2017. 14(6):664-667.

Ngwenya, N., & Ramukumba, T. Prevalence of adolescent obesity at a high school in the City of Tshwane. Curationis, 2017:40(1):e1-e7.

Shin Y. Kim, J. Lucinda England, J. Andrea Sharma, and Terry Njoroge. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus aà nd Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Offspring: A Systematic Review. Experimental Diabetes Research, 2011. 9 pages

Petra Warschburger, Michaela Gmeiner, Marisa Morawietz and Mike Rinck, Battle of plates: a pilot study of an approach–avoidance training for overweight children and adolescents, Public Health Nutrition, 2018. 21(426):12-34

Otang-Mbeng, W., Otunola, G., & Afolayan, A. Lifestyle factors and co-morbidities associated with obesity and overweight in Nkonkobe Municipality of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition., 2017. 36(1):22.

WHO Technical Report. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland, 1999. 25 p

Gilad Twig, Gal Yaniv, Hagai Levine, Adi Leiba, Nehama Goldberger, Estela Derazne, et al. Body-Mass Index in 2.3 Million Adolescents and Cardiovascular Death in Adulthood; N Engl J Med, 2016; 374:2430-2440

Fouda AA , Lemogoum D , Manga JO , Il Dissongo J , Tobbit R , Moyo DF , Sume GE , Kollo B. Epidemiology of obesity in the work milieu, Douala, Cameroon. Revue Medicale de Bruxelles, 2012. 33(3):131-137

Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., & Kengne, A. P. Chronic non-communicable diseases in Cameroon - burden, determinants and current policies. Globalization and health, 2011. 44.

NguendoYongsi H.B., Abondo Ngwa O. Trends and Risks Factors Associated to Women Obesity in Cameroon and Gabon. American Journal of Health Research, 2014. 2(6):420-428

Medanić D, Pucarin-Cvetković J. Obesity--a public health problem and challenge. Acta medica Croatica : casopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti; 2012. 66(5):347-55

de Onis, M., Blössner, M., & Borghi, E. Global Prevalence and Trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010. 92, 1257-1264.

Gortmaker Steven L., Aviva Must, James M. Perrin, Arthur M. Sobol, William H. Dietz. Social and Economic Consequences of Overweight in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. N Engl J Med, 1993. 329:1008-1012

Hammond Ross, Levine Ruth. The economic impact of obesity in the United States. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2010; 3: 285–295.

Bhattacharya B, Bundorf MK. The incidence of the healthcare costs of obesity. J Health Econ. 2009;28(3):649–658.

Choukem Simeon-Pierre, Kamdeu-Chedeu Josiane, Leary Sam D., Mboue-Djieka Yannick, Nebongo Daniel N., Akazong Christoph, Yacouba N. Mapoure, Julian P. Hamilton-Shield, Jean-François Gautier and Jean Claude Mbanya. Overweight and obesity in children aged 3–13 years in urban Cameroon: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with socio-economic status. BMC Obesity, 4:7

Sobngwi, E., Mbanya, J.-C., Unwin, N., Kengne, A., Fezeu, L., Minkoulou, E., Alberti, K. Physical activity and its relationship with obesity hypertension and diabetes in urban and rural Cameroon. International Journal of Obesity, 2002. 1009-1016.

Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1999. 50, 179-211.

Irwin, R. Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Education Monographs, 1974. 2(4).

Karen Glanz, Barbara K. Rimer, K. Viswanath. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. Jossey-Bass, Willey, 2009. 54 p

Noar Seth M, Zimmerman Rick S. Health Behavior Theory and cumulative knowledge regarding health behaviors: are we moving in the right direction? Health Education Research, 2005. 20 (3): 275–290

Tim J Cole, Mary C Bellizzi, Katherine M Flegal, William H Dietz. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey, BMJ, 2000;320:1240

Troiano RP, Flegal KM. Overweight children and adolescents: description, epidemiology, and demographics. Pediatrics; 1998. 101: 497–504

Wamba, P. C., Oben, J. E., & Cianflone, K. Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Thinness in Cameroon Urban Children and Adolescents. Journal of Obesity, 2013. 7, 9 pages.

Tchoubi, S., Sobngwi-Tambekou, J., Noubiap, J. J., Asangbeh, S. L., Nkoum, B. A., & Sobngwi, E. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Cameroon: A Multistage, Stratified Cluster Sampling Nationwide Survey. PLoS ONE, 2015.

Villamor, E., Msamanga, G., Urassa, W., Spiegelman, D., Hunter, D., & Faw, W. Trends in obesity, underweight, and wasting among women attending prenatal clinics in urban Tanzania, 1995–2004, Am J Clin Nutr, 2006. 83(6), 1387-1394.

Do, L., Tran, T., Eriksson, B., Petzold, M., & Ascher, H. Prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity among Vietnamese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2017.17(1):150.

Engquist, K. B., & Chang, M. Obesity and Cancer Risk: Recent Review and Evidence. Curr Oncol Rep, 2011. 71-76.

Padez, C. Trends in overweight and obesity in Portuguese conscripts from 1986 to 2000 in relation to place of residence and educational level. Public Health, 2006. 120(10), 946-952. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2006.05.023

Kristen M. Hurley Matthew B. Cross Sheryl O. Hughes. A Systematic Review of Responsive Feeding and Child Obesity in High-Income Countries. The Journal of Nutrition, 2011. 141(3): 495–501

Claudia Sikorski, Melanie Luppa, Marie Kaiser, Heide Glaesmer, Georg Schomerus, Hans-Helmut König and Steffi G Riedel-Heller. The stigma of obesity in the general public and its implications for public health - a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 2011. 11:661

Benkeser, R. M., Biritwum, R., & Hill, A. G. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Perception of Healthy and Desirable Body Size in Urban, Ghanaian Women. Ghanian Medical Journal, 2012. 46(2): 66–75.

Kamadjeu, R. M., Edwards, R., Atanga, J. S., Kiawi, E. C., Unwin, N., & Mbanya, J.-C. Anthropometry measures and prevalence of obesity in the urban adult population of Cameroon: an update from the Cameroon Burden of Diabetes Baseline Survey. BMC Public Health, 2006. 6:228.

Cohen, E., Amougou, N., Ponty, A., Loinger-Beck, J., Nkuintchua, T., Monteillet, N., . . . Pasquet, P. Nutrition Transition and Biocultural Determinants of Obesity among Cameroonian Migrants in Urban Cameroon and France. Internationl Journal of Environmental Research and Public health, 2017. 14(7), 696.

Neighbors, C., & Fossos, N. Theory of Planned behavior-Principles of Addiction. science direct. 2013

Pasquet, P., Temgoua, L., Melaman-Sego, F., Froment, A., & Rikong-Adié, H. Prevalence of overweight and obesity for urban adults in Cameroon. Annals of Human Biology, 2003. 30:551-562.

ReCAPP. Theories and Approaches- Health Belief Model. Retrieved January 5 at 6pm, 2018, from http://recapp.etr.org/recapp/index.cfm?fuseaction=pages.theoriesdetail&PageID=13

Maka, J. Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes among Mbororo Population of Guiwa-Yangamo Village in the East -Cameroon. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2007. 4: 5-14

Downloads

Published

2019-03-14

How to Cite

Nguendo Yongsi, H. B. (2019). Overweight and Obesity among School-Aged Adolescents in Yaounde (Cameroon). International Journal of Public Health Research, 9(1), 1059–1072. Retrieved from https://spaj.ukm.my/ijphr/index.php/ijphr/article/view/224