Application of cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) as reinforcing materials in bio-nanocomposites
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is a promising renewable biomaterial as reinforcing filler in many different applications. CNC from different types of Malaysian resources natural fibres such as mengkuang leaf, kenaf, coconut fibres, and rice husk have been used as reinforcing material in biocomposite. Starch biocomposites reinforced by CNC through solution casting technique were successfully fabricated. The starch biocomposite films reinforced with nanocrystals from kenaf and rice husk showed an improvement in tensile strength and modulus. It was found that kenaf CNC biocomposite shows better mechanical and morphological properties compared to rice husk CNC biocomposite. Poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels reinforced with CNC from both natural fibres were also prepared. CNC hydrogels have better performace compared to PAA hydrogels without CNC. The hydrogels reinforced kenaf CNC showed higher storage modulus compared to rice husk CNC hydrogel. The finding has shown the ability of the CNC hydrogels to respond to different pH values along with its high mechanical stability suggested that CNC hydrogels are promising candidates as drug carriers. This paper provides the potential application of CNC with improving properties.
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