PERSONALITY AND COGNITIVE STYLE IN PRE INDEPENDENCE AND POST INDEPENDENCE MALAYSIANS

Rozainee Khairudin, Rohany Nasir, Wan Shahrazad Wan Sulaiman, Zainah Ahmad Zamani, Fatimah Wati Halim

Abstract


Malaysia achieved its independence in 1957. A lot has been accomplished since its independence including infrastructural and economical development. The vast changes of the country may also affect its society. Particularly, in terms of its psychological well-being. Therefore, the current study sought to explore the personality and cognitive style of Malaysians who were born before its independence and after independence. The questionnaires used to measure the two psychological constructs were NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) to measure personality and Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) to measure cognitive style. Respondents consist of 261 born before 1957 and 291 born after 1957 (N=552). Results showed that there was no significant relationship between any of the personality domain with cognitive style for the pre independence generation. However, there was a weak positive correlation between Openness domain of personality with cognitive style for the post independence generation group. As for cognitive style, there was a significant difference between the pre independence group and the post independence group. The post independence respondents were more field independent than the pre independence respondents. Results also indicated that there were significant differences between the pre and post independence groups on openness and conscientiousness traits. The post-generation Malaysians were more open to experience than those who were born before independence. However, when it comes to the conscientiousness trait, those who were born before 1957 were high on their conscientiousness than Malaysians who were born after independence. The current findings imply that there exist differences in personality and cognitive styles between Malaysians in the generation of before and after independence.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Baker, M., Rudd, R., Hoover, T., & Grant, T. (1997). Differences in learning styles of county Extension faculty in Florida based upon selected personal and organizational characteristics. Proceedings of the National Agricultural Education Research Meeting, Las Vegas, NV.

Cairns, E. Malone, S., Johnston, J., & Cammock, T. (1985). Sex differences in children's group embedded figures test performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 6(5), 653-654.

Cherry, K. (2013). The Big Five Personality Dimensions. http://psychology.about.com/od/personalitydevelopment/a/bigfive.htm.

Comalli, P. E. (1965). Cognitive functioning in a group of 80-90-year-old men. Journal of Gerontology, 29, 9-13.

Costa, P T, & McCrae, R R (1992) Revised NEO Personality Inventory & NEO Five Factor Inventory: Professional Manual. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO personality inventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Crowther, P. (2013). Imagination, language, and the perceptual world: a post-analytic phenomenology. Continental Philosophy Review, 46(1), 37-56.

Demick, J. (1991). Organismic factors in field dependence-independence: Gender, personality, psychopathology. In S. Wapner & J. Demick (Eds.), Field dependence-independence: Cognitive style across the life span (pp. 209-235). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

DeRussey, E. A. & Futch, E. (1971). Field dependence-independence as related to college curricula. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 33, 1235-1237.

Garger, S., & Guild, P. (1984). Learning styles: The crucial differences. Curriculum Review, a( 1): 9-12.

John V.C. Nye, Ekaterina Orel, Ekaterina Kochergina. (2013). Big Five Personality Traits And Academic Performance In Russian Universities. http://www.hse.ru/pubs/lib/data/access/ticket/1389780815be4c220535ee3906267b786064b925a2/10PSY2013.pdf

Kane, S. (2014). Generation Y. http://legalcareers.about.com/od/practicetips/a/GenerationY.htm

Larsen, R., & Buss, D. (2005). Personality psychology: Domains of knowledge about human behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Larsen, R.J. & Buss, D.M. (2013). Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature. New York: McGraw Hill.

Morf, M.E., Kavanaugh, R.D. & McConnville, M. (1971). Interest and sex difference on a portable rod-and-frame test. Perceptual Motor Skills, 32, 727-733.

Musser, T. (2013). Individual Differences: How Field Dependence-Independence Affects Learners. http://www.personal.psu.edu/staff/t/x/txm4/paper1.html.

Nye, J., Orel, E., & Kochergina, E. (2013). Big Five Personality Traits And Academic Performancein Russian Universities. National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE). http://www.hse.ru/pubs/lib/data/access/ticket/139029316850b24b6a11ce6fb4887724113b0aaffa/10PSY2013.pdf.

Panek, P. E. (1982). Relationship between field dependence-independence and personality in older adult females. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 54, 811-814.

Panek, P. E. (1985). Age differences in field dependence-independence. Experimental Aging Research, 11(2), 97-99.

Parlee, M. B., & Rajogopal, J. (1974). Sex differences in the EFT: A cross-cultural comparison of college students in India and the United States. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 39, 1311-1314.

Phillips, R. (2013). Space for curiosity. Progress in Human Geography. 1-20. DOI: 10.1177/0309132513506271

Rudd, R. D., Baker, M., & Hoover, T. (1998). Student and faculty learning styles within

Saarni, C.I. (1973). Piagetian operations and field independence as factors in children's problem-solving performance. Child Development. 44, 338-345.

Schwartz, D. W. & Karp, S. A. (1967). Field dependence in a geriatric population. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 24, 495-504.

Sherman. J. ( 1984) Field articulation, sex, spatial visualization, dependency, practice, laterality of the brain and birth order. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 38, 1223-1225.

Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., and Potter, J. (2011). Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 100, 330–348.

Takigami, Y. (1975). Sex differences in field dependence. Japanese Psychological Review, 18 (1), 14-24.

Torres, R. & Cano, J. (1994). Field dependence/independence of students in a College of Agriculture. Proceedings of the National Agricultural Education Research Meeting. Dallas, TX. Vol. 21. pp 324-31.

Wiktin, H.A., Oltman, P.K., Raskin, E., & Karp, S. A. (1971). Group Embedded Figures Test Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Witkin, H.A., & Goodenough, D.R. (1981). Cognitive Styles:Essence and Origins. New York: International Universities Press, Inc..


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


DISCLAIMER

The editors and publisher of Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia have made every possible effort to verify the accuracy of all information contained in this publication. Any opinions, discussions, views and recommendations expressed in the article are solely those of the authors and are not of Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, its editors or its publisher. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, its editors and its publisher will not be liable for any direct, indirect, consequential, special, exemplary, or other damages arising therefrom.