Perbandingan Proses Tazkiyah al-Nafs Menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Qayyim

Zidni Nuran Noordin, Zaizul Ab. Rahman

Abstract


Perbandingan Proses Tazkiyah al-Nafs Menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Qayyim

 

Abstrak

Kajian ini mengkaji tentang perbandingan konsep tazkiyah al-nafs antara al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Qayyim. Objektif kajian adalah untuk membincangkan konsep tazkiyah al-nafs, mendalami konsep tazkiyah al-nafs menurut al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Qayyim dan membandingkan konsep tazkiyah al-nafs menurut al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Qayyim. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kajian kepustakaan. Sementara itu, maklumat yang diperolehi dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan komparatif. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat perbezaan pandangan antara al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Qayyim terhadap konsep tazkiyah al-nafs. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pandangan al-Ghazali dilihat lebih terperinci dan jelas dengan membahagikan mujāhadah al-nafs dan riyāḍah al-nafs kepada beberapa peringkat. Al-Ghazali membahagikan mujāhadah al-nafs kepada 12 penyakit kejiwaan dan beliau mengemukakan rawatan bagi penyakit-penyakit tersebut. Seterusnya, al-Ghazali membahagikan proses  riyāḍah al-nafs kepada tiga peringkat iaitu memantapkan keimanan, mempertingkatkan ibadah dan mengaplikasikan sifat-sifat maḥmūdah dalam jiwa. Manakala pandangan Ibnu Qayyim mengenai proses mujāhadah al-nafs adalah secara umum sahaja tanpa membahagikan perkara-perkara tersebut kepada beberapa bahagian. Manakala proses riyāḍah al-nafs hanya menyentuh satu aspek sahaja iaitu akhlak. Matlamat akhir pengamalan tazkiyah al-nafs adalah untuk membimbing umat Islam ke jalan yang diredhai Allah s.w.t. dan mendapat kebahagiaan di dunia dan akhirat.

Kata Kunci: Konsep tazkiyah al-nafs, al-Ghazali, Ibnu Qayyim

 

Abstract

This study examines the comparison of the concept between the tazkiyah al-nafs of al-Ghazali and Ibnu Qayyim. The objectives of the study are to discuss the concept of tazkiyah al-nafs, to explore the concept of tazkiyah al-nafs according to al-Ghazali and Ibnu Qayyim and to compare the concepts of tazkiyah al-nafs according to al-Ghazali and Ibnu Qayyim. This study uses the library research  methodology. Meanwhile, researcher analyzed information obtained by using descriptive and comparative methods. The results showed that there are differences of views between al-Ghazali and Ibnu Qayyim about the concept of tazkiyah al-nafs. The results showed that al-Ghazali’s view is more detailed and clearly visible by dividing the concept of tazkiyah al-nafs to some of the levels. Al-Ghazali divided mujāhadah al-nafs into 12 spiritual illnesses and presented treatments for these illnesses. Subsequently, al-Ghazali divided the process of riyāḍah al-nafs into three stages namely strengthen the faith, worship and applying good attitudes in soul. While according to Ibnu Qayyim, the process of mujāhadah al-nafs was discussed generally without dividing the items into several part. However, the process of riyāḍah al-nafs presented by Ibnu Qayyim is similar to the process presented by al-Ghazali but the explanations are more general than al-Ghazali’s explanations. The ultimate goal of practicing tazkiyah al-nafs is to guide Muslims to the way that pleases Allah s.w.t. and for the happiness in this world and the hereafter.

Keywords: the concept of tazkiyah al-naf, al-Ghazali, Ibnu Qayyim


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