Sekam padi merupakan sisa biojisim yang memiliki potensi untuk digunakan dalam pembuatan elektrod karbon keras di dalam bateri ion natrium (SIBs). Bahan ini memiliki permukaan spesifik yang luas dan kapasiti menyimpan tenaga teori yang tinggi. Dalam kajian ini, kesan variasi masa prarawatan terma yang berbeza  dijalankan terma dijalankan ke atas sekam padi sebagai sumber karbon keras untuk aplikasi bahan anod dalam SIB. Analisis spektroskopi Raman dan CHNSO telah dilakukan untuk menentukan sifat kimia manakala struktur karbon keras dikaji dengan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD). Ukuran saiz, luas permukaan liang, purata diameter dan isi padu liang telah dilakukan melalui analisis saiz zarah dan jerapan fizikal. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa tempoh masa prarawatan terma mempunyai kesan yang signifikan terhadap sifat karbon keras. Masa rawatan terma optimum didapati adalah 40 jam (sampel RH2) dan mempunyai luas permukaan spesifik dan komponen karbon tertinggi iaitu 1059.02 m²g⁻¹ dan 78.0% masing-masing dengan saiz zarah berdiameter 15.0 µm. Luas permukaan ini adalah hampir empat kali ganda nilai yang diperolehi daripada kajian sebelum. Dijangkakan sampel ini dapat menghasilkan lebih tinggi kapasiti penyimpanan tenaga dan kinetik semasa operasi SIB kerana peningkatan luas permukaan dan tapak aktif.

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