Hubungan Antara Gaya Kepimpinan, Penghargaan Kendiri dan Komitmen Organisasi Mahasiswa-Mahasiswi dari Universiti Penyelidikan di Malaysia
Relationship Between Leadership Style, Self Esteem and Organizational Commitment Among Students From Research Universities in Malaysia
Abstract
Kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa gaya kepimpinan memberi pengaruh kepada tahap komitmen pengikut dalam organisasi kerja. Faktor psikologikal seperti penghargaan kendiri juga memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sebuah organisasi. Kegagalan kepimpinan akan memberi impak negatif kepada pengikut dan organisasi seperti menjejaskan produktiviti serta prestasi sehingga menjadi bebanan organisasi secara keseluruhannya. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang hubungan antara gaya kepimpinan, penghargaan kendiri dan komitmen organisasi dalam kalangan mahasiswa yang menyertai organisasi pelajar di lima universiti penyelidikan di Malaysia. Gaya kepimpinan telah dikategorikan kepada gaya kepimpinan transformasional, gaya kepimpinan transaksional dan gaya kepimpinan Laissez-Faire dalam kajian ini. Manakala komitmen organisasi pula dibahagikan kepada komitmen afektif, komitmen berterusan dan komitmen normatif. Borang soal selidik telah diedarkan secara persampelan bertujuan kepada seramai 107 responden yang menyertai organisasi pelajar. Keputusan analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahawa gaya kepimpinan transformasional berhubungan secara positif dan signifikan dengan penghargaan kendiri dan ketiga-tiga dimensi komitmen organisasi. Gaya kepimpinan transaksional pula tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan tahap penghargaan kendiri dan tahap komitmen organisasi. Gaya kepimpinan Laissez-Faire menunjukkan hubungan negatif dan signifikan dengan penghargaan kendiri dan ketiga-tiga dimensi komitmen organisasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa gaya kepimpinan transformasional adalah digalakkan untuk diaplikasikan dalam kepimpinan organisasi, manakala gaya kepimpinan Laissez-Faire harus dielakkan.
Kata kunci: Gaya kepimpinan; penghargaan kendiri; komitmen organisasi; mahasiswa-mahasiswi; universiti penyelidikan
ABSTRACT
Research showed that leadership styles could influence the organizational commitment of subordinate in work organization. Psychological factor such as self esteem also played an important role in organization. Failure of leadership could cause negative impact on subordinates and organizations, such as affecting the productivity and performance which could bring burden to the organization as a whole. This study aimed to examine the relationship between leadership styles, self esteem and organizational commitment among students who joined student organization in five research universities in Malaysia. In this study, leadership styles were categorized into transformational leadership, transactional leadership and Laissez-Faire leadership. Organizational commitment was divided into three dimensions which are affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. Questionnaires were distributed through purposive sampling to one hundred and seven respondents from five research universities in Malaysia. Correlation analysis showed that transformational leadership has positive and significant relationship with self esteem and three dimensions of organizational commitment. Transactional leadership did not show significant relationship with self esteem and organizational commitment. Laissez-Faire leadership showed negative and significant relationship with self esteem and three dimensions of organizational commitment. These findings indicate that leaders are encouraged to practice transformational leadership and avoid Laissez-Faire leadership in leading organization.
Keywords: Leadership styles; self esteem; organizational commitment; university students; research universities
