Perbandingan Persempadanan Semula Bahagian Pilihan Raya DUN Kajang, Selangor 2003 Dan 2018 Melalui Aplikasi GIS

Comparison Of The Redistricting of Election Divisions in the State Legislative Assembly Area of Kajang, Selangor 2003 and 2018 Through GIS Application

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pilihan Raya Umum (PRU) merupakan peristiwa penting di Malaysia dalam menetapkan kuasa politik dalam pentadbiran kerajaan. Berdasarkan penggunaan Sistem Maklumat Geografi(GIS), perbezaan pengaruh kuasa politik dapat dilihat sebagai tunjang utama dalam menyebarkan ideologi parti masing-masing. Konsep gerrymandering digunakan di negara ini bagi meluaskan kuasa politik mereka. Justeru itu, adalah menjadi tujuan penulisan makalah ini untuk mengkaji perbandingan persempadanan semula di kawasan DUN Kajang pada tahun 2003 dan 2018 menggunakan aplikasi GIS. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah mengumpul data lapangan melalui temu bual terhadap informan, pemerhatian di lapangan serta melibatkan penggunaan aplikasi GIS. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa persempadanan semula menyebabkan kedudukan DUN Kajang berubah daripada berada dalam Parlimen Hulu Langat kepada Parlimen Bangi kerana berlaku peluasan kawasan mengundi di kawasan tersebut. Peningkatan kawasan Daerah Mengundi pada tahun 2018 dipengaruhi oleh faktor pertambahan penduduk/pengundi, proses perbandaran, kewujudan kawasan perumahan dan bandar baharu dan peningkatan kegiatan sosioekonomi di kawasan tersebut. Faktor sokongan pengundi terhadap parti politik pula adalah disebabkan faktor isu semasa, sentimen pengundi, 3M (Money, Media & Machinery) dan kepimpinan parti politik. Faktor ini secara tidak langsung memberi kesan kepada jumlah pengundi mengikut komposisi etnik iaitu Melayu 40.39 peratus, Cina 43.43 peratus, India 14.71 peratus dan selebihnya adalah etnik lain. Persempadanan semula bahagian pilihan raya 2003 diguna pada PRU 2004. Pada PRU tersebut, DUN Kajang diwakili oleh Low Lee Leng (BN/MCA) yang menang dengan majoriti 2,773 undi. Kemudian pada PRU 2008, calon PKR iaitu Cikgu Lee Kim Sin berjaya menawan kawasan tersebut iaitu menang dengan majoriti 3,268 undi. Seterusnya pada PRU 2013, calon PKR yang baharu iaitu Lee Chin Cheh pula menang dengan majoriti 6,824 undi. Kemudian persempadanan semula bahagian pilihan raya 2018 diguna pada PRU 2018 dengan calon baharu daripada PKR iaitu Hee Loy Sian menang dengan majoriti 30,755 undi. Kemudian pada PRN 2023, DUN Kajang terus dimenangi oleh calon baharu PH-PKR iaitu David Cheong Kian Young dengan majoriti 34,394 undi. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini penting bagi memastikan keberkesanan sistem politik dalam memenuhi keperluan pengundi kerana ianya dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan masyarakat dalam proses pengundian. Malaysia yang memiliki kepelbagaian etnik memerlukan sebuah parti politik yang kukuh bagi memastikan keharmonian masyarakat terjamin.

Kata kunci: pilihan raya, pengundi, persempadanan semula, GIS, konsep gerrymandering.

ABSTRACT

The General Election (PRU) is an important event in Malaysia in determining political powerin government administration. Based on the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), the difference in the influence of political power can be seen as the main pillar in spreading theideology of each party. The concept of gerrymandering is used in this country to expand their political power. Therefore, it is the purpose of writing this article to study the comparison of redistrict in the state legislative assembly area of Kajang in 2003 and 2018 using GIS applications. This study uses the method of collecting field data through the process of interviewing 10 informants, observation in the field and involving the use of GIS applications. The results of the study found that the redelimitation caused the position of the Kajang State Assembly to change from being in the Hulu Langat Parliament to the Bangi Parliament due to the expansion of the voting area in that area. The increase in the area of the Voting District in 2018 is influenced by factors such as the increase in population/voters, the urbanization process, the existence of new housing and urban areas and the increase in socioeconomic activities in the area. Voter support factors for political parties are due to current issue factors, voter sentiment, 3M (Money, Media & Machinery) and political party leadership. This factor indirectly affects the number of voters according to ethnic composition which is Malay 40.39 percent, Chinese 43.43 percent, Indian 14.71 percent and the rest are other ethnicities. The redelineation of the 2003 electoral division was used in the 2004 GE. In that GE, the Kajang state legislative assembly was represented by Low Lee Leng (BN/MCA) who won with a majority of 2,773 votes. Then in the 2008 general election, the PKR candidate, Cikgu Lee Kim Sin, successfully captured the area, winning with a majority of 3,268 votes. Then in the 2013 GE, the new PKR candidate Lee Chin Cheh won with a majority of 6,824 votes. Then the redelineation of the 2018 election division was used in the 2018 GE with the new candidate from PKR, Hee Loy Sian, winning with a majority of 30,755 votes. Then in PRN 2023, the Kajang state assembly was won by the new PH-PKR candidate David Cheong Kian Young with a majority of 34,394 votes. In conclusion, this study is important to ensure the effectiveness of the political system in meeting the needs of voters because it can increase public trust in the process of voting. Malaysia, which has ethnic diversity, needs a strong political party to ensure community harmony. meeting the needs of voters because it can increase public trust in the process of voting for election candidates. Malaysia, which has ethnic diversity, needs a strong political party to ensure community harmony.

Keywords: elections, voters, redistricting, GIS, the concept of gerrymandering