AMALAN PERUBATAN HERBA DAN KESEIMBANGAN HUMORAL DALAM PENJAGAAN KESIHATAN POST PARTUM WANITA MELAYU: PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA DAN PERUBATAN (HERBAL MEDICINE PRACTICES AND HUMORAL BALANCE IN POST PARTUM HEALTH CARE FOR MALAY WOMEN: CULTURE AND MEDICINE PERSPECTIVE)
Abstract
Abstrak
Tumbuhan herba merupakan satu anugerah Allah yang sangat bernilai kepada manusia. Tumbuhan herba mempunyai pelbagai kegunaan sama ada sebagai sumber makanan, ubatan dan kosmetik. Malaysia merupakan antara negara yang tergolong sebagai mega diversiti dunia kerana mempunyai hutan hujan tropika dan dapat menampung lebih 20 ribu spesies tumbuhan, dan daripada jumlah tersebut, 2000 spesies dikategorikan sebagai tumbuhan ubatan atau herba yang diwartakan. Selain kegunaan dalam perubatan tradisional, tumbuhan herba juga menyumbangkan peranan dalam penemuan ubat-ubatan moden di mana Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) telah melaporkan bahawa sebanyak 80% daripada penduduk dunia hari ini bergantung kepada herba dalam penjagaan kesihatan asas. Kajian Burkill (1930), Manderson (1981), Wazir Jahan Karim (1984), Laderman (1983, 1987, 1988), Oong Hean Chooi (2004, 2007 & 2008) menyentuh tentang penggunaan herba dalam aspek perbidanan dan penjagaan wanita mengandung dan juga wanita selepas bersalin. Senario hari ini menunjukkan wujudnya persaingan antara pengaruh serta khidmat bidan kampung (tradisional) dengan bidan kerajaan. Khidmat bidan kampung semakin berkurangan disebabkan oleh polisi kerajaan serta faktor sosioekonomi masyarakat yang semakin baik pada hari ini. Namun begitu masih ramai golongan wanita Melayu di Malaysia yang menggunakan khidmat bidan kampung terutama dari segi nasihat dan tatacara penggunaan herba tertentu untuk tujuan perawatan dan pemakanan wanita tersebut sewaktu mengandung dan juga selepas bersalin. Kertas kerja ini mengupas aspek penggunaan herba dalam penjagaan kesihatan wanita Melayu selepas bersalin dari perspektif budaya dan perubatan. Aspek keseimbangan humoral dan pemilihan herba dan sumber makanan sewaktu wanita mengandung dan selepas bersalin turut dibincangkan. Penekanan turut diberi mengenai implikasi penggunaan herba bagi golongan wanita Melayu sewaktu mengandung dan juga selepas bersalin, serta tren pengambilan herba dalam kalangan wanita Melayu selepas bersalin pada hari ini.
Kata kunci: Herba, penjagaan kesihatan, selepas bersalin, wanita, Melayu, budaya, perubatan
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Abstract
Herbal plants are a precious gift from God to humans. Herbal plants have a variety of uses either as a source of food, medicine and cosmetics. Malaysia is one of the world's mega diversities because it has tropical rainforests and can accommodate more than 20 thousand plant species and from that number, 2000 species are categorized as gazetted herbs or herbs. In addition to the use of traditional medicine, herbs also contribute to the discovery of modern medicines where the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that 80% of the world's population today relies on herbs in basic healthcare. The study of Burkill (1930), Manderson (1981), Wazir Jahan Karim (1984), Laderman (1983, 1987, 1988), Oong Hean Chooi (2004, 2007 & 2008) touched on the use of herbs in the maternity and maternity aspects of pregnant women as well women after childbirth. Today's scenario shows the competition between the influence and the traditional village midwife service with the government midwife. The village midwifery services are declining due to government policies and socioeconomic socio-economic factors that are improving today. However, there are still many Malay women in Malaysia who use the village midwife service especially in terms of the advice and use of certain herbs for the purposes of nursing and nutrition during pregnancy and after delivery. This paper examines aspects of the use of herbs in the health care of Malay women after childbirth from a cultural and medical perspective. The humoral balance aspect and the selection of herbs and food sources when women are pregnant and after delivery are also discussed. Emphasis was also given on the implications of using herbs for the Malay women during pregnancy and after delivery, as well as the trend of herbal extraction among Malay women after delivery today.
Keywords: Herbs, health care, postpartum, women, Malay, culture, medicineReferences
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