STATUS KUALITI AIR SUNGAI DI BEBERAPA KAWASAN LUAR BANDAR, DI NEGERI JOHOR DAN KESANNYA KEPADA KEHIDUPAN (THE STATUS OF RIVER WATER QUALITY IN SOME RURAL AREAS, IN STATE OF JOHOR AND ITS EFFECTS TO LIFE)
Abstract
Abstrak
Air merupakan keperluan asas manusia dan hidupan lain. Sumber air berpunca daripada sungai, saliran, parit, kolam dan sebagainya. Sungai merupakan sumber air semula jadi yang sangat penting bagi sesebuah habitat manusia. Di Malaysia, penilaian kualiti air ditentukan oleh Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA) yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) berdasarkan kelas I, II, III dan IV. Kini pencemaran air turut berlaku di kawasan luar bandar dan telah menjejaskan kualiti air dan hidupan. Objektif penulisan ini adalah untuk menentukan kualiti air sungai di kawasan luar bandar berdasarkan IKA. Kajian telah dijalankan di beberapa batang sungai di kawasan luar bandar di negeri Johor bermula dari bulan Februari sehingga April 2015. Pensampelan kualiti air dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali di empat lokasi kajian berbeza. Penentuan kualiti air melibatkan pengukuran parameter pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD), permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), ammoniakal nitrogen (AN) dan pepejal terampai (SS). Ukuran tersebut dihitung dan dijadikan IKA keseluruhan yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan sungai sama ada sebagai tidak tercemar, sedikit tercemar, sederhana tercemar, tercemar dan sangat tercemar. Hasil kajian mendapati status tiga buah sungai mengalami pencemaran tahap tercemar (Kelas IV) dan sebuah sungai diklasifikasikan pada tahap sederhana tercemar (Kelas III). Kemerosotan status IKA bagi semua sungai yang dikaji bukan sahaja memberi kesan kepada hidupan air, bahkan membataskan penggunaan air kepada manusia, umpamanya untuk aktiviti harian.
Kata Kunci: Kualiti Air, Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA), luar bandar, sungai.
Abstract
Water is a basic requirement of human and other life. Water resources stems from rivers, streams, drains, ponds and so forth. The river is the natural water resources are very important for a human habitat. Malaysian water quality assessment is determined by the water quality Index (IKA) issued by the Department of environment (DOE) based on class I, II, III and IV. Now a water pollution also occurs in rural areas has affected the water quality and marine life. The objective of this writing is to determine river water quality in rural areas based on IKA. Kajian telah dijalankan di beberapa batang sungai di kawasan luar bandar di negeri Johor bermula dari bulan Februari sehingga April 2015. Water quality sampling was done three times in four different study locations. Determination of water quality involves measurement parameters pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and suspended solids (SS). The Measurements are made IKA the total calculated and used to classify the river either as untainted, slightly polluted moderately polluted, contaminated and polluted. The study found the status of three rivers polluted level contaminated (class IV) and a river are classified at the level of medium-polluted (class III). Deterioration of the status of IKA for all rivers surveyed not only affects marine life, even limiting water use to humans, for example, to daily activities.
Keywords: Water quality, the water quality index (IKA), rural, River
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