MANAGEMENT AND INITIATIVES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE COASTAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA: EXPERIENCE FROM RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES IN MALACCA (PENGURUSAN DAN INISIATIF KE ARAH KELESTARIAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN PINGGIR PANTAI DI MALAYSIA: DARI PENGALAMAN AKTIVITI PENAMBAKAN DI MELAKA)

Authors

  • Juliana Mohamed Department of Marine Science, Kulliyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang
  • Muhammad Rizal Razman Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor

Abstract

Abstract

In the last two decades, the world coastal development has caused the growing demand for land especially in the developed areas. This has caused an increase of pressure to coastal ecosystems. Like any other countries, the land reclamation had become the best method in Malaysia to extend shoreline areas for the economic growth. This technique is widely used in countries facing land scarcity. However, due to its poor management, it has caused another impact on the nearest marine environment and the local community. The rapid development on accommodations and infrastructures in Malacca has made the state government to approve the reclamation projects in the coastal area. Nevertheless, the project has brought adverse impacts to the coastal and socio-cultural environment as such as threatening in hawk’s bill sea turtle landing. The initiatives to form policies to conserve and protect the coastal zone have been started in the early 20th century and Malaysia management initiative was a problem-based and reactive approach to resource degradation and international commitments. In fact, the demand to protect and conserve the coastal resources and marine environments were under the 6th and 9th Malaysia Plan. The purpose of this study is to review the present law associated with coastal reclamation with the latest updates from the government’s initiatives to achieve sustainable coastal development in Malaysia. This paper also will respond to the need of more information on the status of coastal reclamation and their adverse impact in Malaysia and Malacca as a case study.

Keywords: sustainable, coastal management, coastal development, reclamation, Malacca, Malaysia

 

Abstrak

Sejak dua dekad kebelakanganini, pembangunan di kawasan pinggir pantai di dunia telah mengalamipembangunan yang pesat akibat permintaan guna tanah yang semakin meningkat terutamanya di kawasan negara membangun. Ini telah menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan ke atas ekosistem pantai. Seperti mananegara lain, penambakan tanah telah menjadi kaedah terbaik di Malaysia untuk memperluas kawasan pinggir pantai demi menampung pertumbuhan ekonomi. Teknik ini digunakan secara meluas di negara-negara yang mengalami masalah kekurangan tanah. Walau bagaimanapun, disebabkan pengurusannya tidaklestari, ia telah memberi kesan yang negatif kepada persekitaran marin yang berhampiran dan masyarakat setempat. Perkembangan pesat terhadap penginapan dan infrastruktur di Melaka telah menjadikan kerajaan negeri meluluskan projek penambakan di kawasanpantai. Walau bagaimanapun, projek ini telah membawa kesan negatifkepada persekitaran pinggir pantai dan sosio-budaya seperti mengancam pendaratan penyu karak. Inisiatif untuk membentuk dasar untuk memulihara dan melindungi zon pinggir pantai telah dimulakan sejak awal abad ke-20 dan inisiatif pengurusannyadi Malaysia adalahberasaskan pendekatanreaktif kepadamasalah kemerosotan sumber dan komitmen antarabangsa. Malah, permintaan untuk melindungi dan memelihara sumber daya pinggir dan persekitaran laut berada di bawah Rancangan Malaysia ke-6 dan ke-9. Tujuan kajian ini adalah mengkaji semula undang-undang yang sedia ada yang berkaitan dengan penambakan pantaidan inisiatif kerajaan untuk mencapai pembangunan pesisir pantai di Malaysia. Makalah ini juga akan menanggapi keperluan lebih banyak maklumat tentang status penambakan pantai dan kesan buruknya di Malaysia dan Melaka sebagai kajian kes.

Kata Kunci: kelestarian,  pinggir pantai, pengurusan pantai, pembangunan pantai, penambakan,  Melaka,  Malaysia

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Published

2018-09-01

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Environment & Landscape