COMMUNITY BASED APPROACH TOWARDS DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA (PENDEKATAN BERASASKAN KOMUNITI DALAM PENGURUSAN BENCANA DI MALAYSIA)
Abstract
Abstract
A disaster is an occurrence disrupting the normal conditions of existence and causing a level of suffering that exceeds the capacity of adjustment of the affected community. The current and future practice to handle or manage the disaster is with the participating and involving of the community towards that. Thus, community awareness has fundamental and their role are the necessary starting point for all other disaster risk reduction initiative. Therefore, to establish a sustainable and resilient environment for the local community, the government must encourage the participation and involvement of community in disaster risk reduction programmes. Furthermore, empowering community within disaster threatened is the key to successful mitigation. However, the roles of community in this issue are often undervalued and at time ignored too. Normally, disaster control measures planned without participation of the affected communities and other stakeholders are unsustainable as they do not meet the needs of relevant stakeholders. These situations can be overcome by establishing participatory planning process. In this context, decision making is a combination of ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches which enables the involvement of all stakeholders on the basis of equity. For conclude, the role of communities in disaster management in Malaysia could be improves.
Keywords: Community Based Approach, Community, Awareness, Disaster, Participate and Involve
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Abstrak
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Bencana adalah kewujudan kejadian yang menjejaskan keadaan sedia ada dan menyebabkan tahap penderitaan yang melampaui kapasiti komuniti yang terjejas. Amalan semasa dan pada masa depan di dalam mengendali atau menguruskan bencana seharusnya melibatkan penyertaan dan pembabitan komuniti. Justeru, kesedaran awam adalah perkara asas dan peranan mereka adalah titik permulaan yang diperlukan untuk semua inisiatif berkaitan pengurangan risiko bencana. Oleh itu, untuk mewujudkan persekitaran yang mampan dan berdaya tahan untuk masyarakat setempat, kerajaan seharusnya menggalakkan penyertaan dan penglibatan komuniti dalam program pengurangan risiko bencana. Tambahan pula, memperkasakan komuniti adalah kunci kejayaan kepada pengurangan daripada ancaman bencana. Namun, peranan komuniti dalam isu ini kerap kali tidak diberi perhatian sewajarnya dan pada masa yang sama diabaikan. Umumnya, langkah-langkah kawalan bencana yang dirancang tanpa penyertaan komuniti dan pihak berkepentingan lain yang terjejas tidak dapat diteruskan disebabkan kegagalan dalam memenuhi keperluan pihak berkepentingan yang terlibat. Perkara ini boleh diatasi dengan mewujudkan proses perancangan partisipatif. Dalam konteks ini, pembuatan keputusan merupakan gabungan pendekatan ‘top-down’ dan ‘bottom-up’ yang membolehkan penglibatan semua pihak berkepentingan berdasarkan ekuiti. Kesimpulannya, peranan komuniti dalam pengurusan bencana di Malaysia perlu ditambahbaik.
Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Berasaskan Komuniti, Komuniti, Kesedaran, Bencana, Mengambil Bahagian dan TerlibatReferences
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