ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN ELEMEN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI DALAM KALANGAN GURU BAHASA MELAYU DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ORANG ASLI (Analysis On The Implementation Of Higher Order Thinking Skills Amongst Malay Language At Secondary School For Indigenous People)

ANIDA SARUDIN, ZULKIFLI OSMAN, HUSNA FAREDZA MOHAMED REDZWAN, MOHD AMIR MOHD ZAHARI, MARLINI IDRS

Abstract


Abstrak: Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pelaksanaan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) yang diamalkan oleh guru-guru Bahasa Melayu dalam pedagogi Bahasa Melayu dan mengukur elemen KBAT berdasarkan Skala Ketelusan Kognitif (Cognitive Research Trust- CoRT) di sekolah-sekolah Orang Asli (sekolah menengah) di Perak. Kajian kualitatif ini dijalankan berdasarkan: Skala Ketelusan Kognitif (Cognitive Research Trust -CoRT) oleh Edward de Bono (1973) yang melibatkan enam jenis CoRT, iaitu  CoRT 1 (Breadth -Keluasan persepsi),  CoRT 2 (Organisastion -Organisasi berfikir), CoRT 3 (Interaction -Interaksi), CoRT 4 (Critical Thinking and Argument -Argumen berfikiran kritis dan kreatif), CoRT 5 (Information and Feeling -Maklumat dan  Perasaan), dan CoRT 6 (Action -Tindakan). Seramai enam orang guru daripada tiga buah sekolah menengah Orang Asli di Perak terlibat dalam proses pencerapan PdPc dan temu bual. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini melibatkan senarai semak PdPc, dan temu bual yang melibatkan soalan berstruktur dan tidak berstruktur. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Skala Ketelusan Kognitif dapat menjadi peranti efektif dalam mengukur elemen KBAT dalam pedagogi Bahasa Melayu. Guru-guru telah memilih teknik berfikir yang sesuai yang dapat diaplikasikan bagi mencungkil  aspek berfikir dalam setiap perkara yang dinyatakan pada skala CoRT 1 hingga CoRT 6. Berdasarkan pengamalan CoRT dalam PdPc, kajian ini telah menentukan aras skor sebagai pengukur KBAT melalui  titik hubungan antara strategi peranti dan teknik  berfikir. Analisis juga menunjukkan kebanyakan guru yang terlibat menggunakan CoRT pada aras yang sederhana. Kajian ini menawarkan sumbangan mengukur KBAT menggunakan skala pengukuran yang lebih telus dan berpiawai. Penguasaan KBAT dapat diteliti dalam komunikasi guru dan diukur berlandaskan skala dan peranti berfikir yang relevan  dan efektif.

Kata Kunci: Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT), Skala Ketelusan Kognitif, peranti berfikir, teknik berfikir, pedagogi Bahasa Melayu,  guru-guru Bahasa Melayu, sekolah-sekolah Orang Asli.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is firstly to identify Malay language teachers’ practices of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) assessment in Malay pedagogy and secondly; to examine the effectiveness of the Cognitive Research Trust Scale (CoRT) as a HOTS measurement tool in the teaching, learning and faciliation of the Malay language in indigenous schools across Perak state. This study adopts the qualitative research design to gain insights into the Malay language teachers’ implementation of HOTS in their teaching, learning and facilitation practices, based on the Cognitive Research Trust Scale (CoRT) by Edward de Bono (1973). 6 types of CoRT were listed in the scale: CoRT 1 (Breadth), CoRT 2 (Organisation), CoRT 3 (Interacton), CoRT 4 (Critical Thinking), CoRT 5 (Information and Feeling) and CoRT 6 (Action). A total number of six teachers in  three indigenous schools across Perak state were involved with the classroom observation andsemi-structured interviews. The instruments used in this study are a lesson observation checklist and list of interview questions. Results from this study found that the Cognitive Research Trust Scale (CoRT) serves as an effective HOTS measurement tool in the Malay language pedagogy. Teachers have selected the most appropriate measurement tool to show the thinking aspect of each item stated in CoRT 1 to CoRT 6. Based on the practice of CorT in teaching, learning and facilitation practices, this study  has indicated that the level of score for HOTS measurement can be determined by looking at the relation between tools strategy and thinking skills. The findings indicated that most teachers used CoRT at the average level. This study contributes to the HOTS assessment in the use of a more explicit and standardised scale.

Keywords: High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), Cognitive Research Trust Scale, thinking tools, thinking skills, Malay pedagogy, taxonomy, Malay teachers, indigenous schools


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