TREN PENGGUNAAN TENAGA ELEKTRIK DAN PEMBEBASAN GAS RUMAH HIJAU DI MALAYSIA (THE TREND OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS IN MALAYSIA)
Abstract
Abstrak
Malaysia merupakan salah sebuah negara yang sedang pesat membangun dari segi pertumbuhan ekonomi, sosial mahupun pembangunan guna tanah. Selari dengan itu, permintaan terhadap sumber tenaga elektrik bagi tujuan pengangkutan, perindustrian dan domestik turut bertambah. Peningkatan ini dipacu oleh peningkatan populasi penduduk dan pertambahan permintaan terutama sekali menerusi sektor industri, komersial dan kediaman yang mempengaruhi aliran tenaga elektrik di Malaysia. Walaupun tenaga elektrik merupakan sumber yang amat penting dalam pembangunan negara, peningkatan penggunaan tenaga elektrik telah mengakibatkan berlakunya peningkatan aliran tenaga elektrik yang mengakibatkan berlakunya pelepasan gas rumah hijau yang memberi kesan negatif kepada pembangunan bandar di Malaysia. Menyedari hal ini, kerajaan telah menetapkan untuk mengurangkan kadar gas rumah hijau sehingga 40 peratus dengan mengaplikasi konsep kelestarian penggunaan dan penjanaan tenaga. Walau bagaimanapun, kekurangan maklumat tentang penggunaan tenaga menjadi halangan kepada kelestarian penggunaan dan penjanaan tenaga elektrik di Malaysia. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan maklumat asas mengenai industri tenaga elektrik di Malaysia dengan memberi fokus kepada aspek penggunaan bandar dan pelepasan gas rumah hijau agar dapat digunakan oleh pihak berkepentingan sebagai asas dan garis panduan dalam pengurusan sumber tenaga yang lebih lestari di Malaysia.
Kata Kunci: Penggunaan tenaga, elektrik, pembebasan gas rumah hijau, analisis ruangan
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Abstract
Malaysia is one of the fastest growing countries in economy, social and land development. In line with that, demand for electric power for transportation, industry and domestic also increased. This is driven by the high population and high demand especially from industrial, commercial and domestic sectors that affected electricity flow in Malaysia. Although electricity is a vital source for national development, the increment in electricity consumption has led to the high electricity flows resulting in greenhouse gas emissions that have a negative impact on urban development in Malaysia. Recognizing this, the government of Malaysia has decided to reduce greenhouse gas levels by up to 40 percent by applying the concept of sustainable consumption and energy generation. However, the lack of information on energy use is a barrier to the sustainability and power generation in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims to provide the basic information about the electricity industry in Malaysia by focusing on the city's use and greenhouse gas emissions so that can be used by stakeholders as the basis and guidelines for more sustainable energy management in Malaysia.
Keywords: Energy consumption, electricity, greenhouse gases emissions, spatial analysis
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