LEXICAL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN MALAY AND VIETNAMESE (KESAMAAN LEKSIKAL ANTARA BAHASA MELAYU DAN BAHASA VIETNAM)

Authors

  • Tran Thuy Anh University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Hanoi
  • Mai Ngoc Chu Professor University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Hanoi
  • Abdul Latif Hj. Samian Professor Institute of the Malay World & Civilisation University Kebangsaan Malaysia

Abstract

Abstract

There have been a number of research works on the relationship between Vietnamese and Malay, no agreement on this relation has been reached.  Malay is one member of Western Indonesian language branch, sharing the same origin with Cham (mainland Austronesian language group). Meanwhile, Vietnamese belongs to Mon–Khmer language branch of Austro-Asiatic family, which distributes all over Vietnam around mainland Austro-Asiatic languages. There are currently two major ideas about the relation between Vietnamese and Malay: a) They have the same origin; b) They have contact with and borrow from each other. In general, Malay words corresponding to those in Vietnamese might be divided into two main categories: the first one is temporarily called “The inherent mutual base from the ancient time†and the second one is “The adoption of cultural word class in certain historical periods.†The loan words can be identified easily in terms of lexical semantics when absolute correspondence is found in their meanings. Some words may have different meanings in two languages but they belong to the same semantic domain. Building an inventory table for the lexical correspondence between Malay and Vietnamese is not only important for lexicological research but also helps clarify the true nature of this relationship. Is it a relation of origin or one of contact? If it is contact, what are the cultural inferences from their linguistic similarity? Conversely, if it is origin, how close are they in their kinship?

Keywords: lexical, correspondence,language, Austronesian, Mon - Khmer

 

Abstrak

Terdapat beberapa kerja penyelidikan mengenai hubungan antara Vietnam dan Melayu, tidak ada persetujuan mengenai hubungan ini telah dicapai. Bahasa Melayu adalah salah satu cabang bahasa Indonesia Barat, berkongsi asal yang sama dengan Cham ( tanah besar kumpulan bahasa Austronesia ). Sementara itu, Vietnam tergolong dalam cabang bahasa Mon-Khmer dari keluarga Austro-Asiatik, yang mengedarkan seluruh Vietnam di sekitar tanah besar bahasa Austro-Asiatik. Pada masa ini terdapat dua idea utama mengenai hubungan antara Vietnam dan Melayu: a) Mereka mempunyai asal yang sama; b) Mereka mempunyai hubungan dengan dan meminjam antara satu sama lain. Secara umum, kata-kata korespondensi dengan kata - kata Vietnam mungkin dibahagikan kepada dua kategori utama yang pertama dipanggil sementara sebagai "asas yang saling melekat dari zaman kuno" dan yang kedua adalah "Pengangkatan kelas kata budaya dalam tempoh sejarah tertentuâ€. Kata pinjaman boleh dikenal pasti dengan mudah dari segi semantik leksikal apabila korespondensi mutlak didapati dalam makna mereka. Beberapa perkataan mungkin mempunyai makna yang berbeza dalam dua bahasa tetapi mereka tergolong dalam domain semantik yang sama.  Membina jadual inventori untuk korespondensi leksikal antara bahasa Melayu dan Vietnam bukan sahaja penting untuk penyelidikan leksikologi tetapi juga membantu memperjelaskan sifat sebenar hubungan ini. Adakah hubungan asal atau hubungannya?  Kalau hubungannya, apakah kesimpulan kebudayaan dari persamaan linguistik mereka? Sebaliknya, jika ia berasal, berapa dekatnya mereka dalam persaudaraan mereka?

Kata kunci: leksical, persamaan,bahasa, Austronesian, Mon - Khmer

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Published

2019-06-19

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Language & Heritage