HUJAN ASID: SATU KAJIAN AWAL DI IPOH, PERAK (ACID RAIN: A PRELIMINARY STUDY IN IPOH, PERAK)
Abstract
Abstrak
Air hujan yang mempunyai nilai pH kurang daripada pH 5.6 diklasifikasikan sebagai hujan asid. Hujan asid merupakan salah satu fenomena alam sekitar yang wujud disebabkan oleh arus pemodenan yang pesat dan perkembangan aktiviti pembangunan tanpa mementingkan aspek alam sekitar. Hujan asid juga amat berkait rapat dengan kualiti udara. Kemerosotan kualiti udara akan menjurus kepada peningkatan asid dalam titisan air hujan. Hujan asid dikaji berdasarkan nilai pH (Potensi Hidrogen) yang merupakan kaedah pengukuran berdasarkan penunjuk pH atau alat meter pH. Kemajuan pembangunan, aktiviti antropogenik dan peningkatan bilangan kenderaan merupakan penyebab kepada peningkatan kejadian hujan asid. Penumpuan kawasan yang paling ketara menerima hujan asid ini adalah tertumpu di kawasan pantai barat Semenanjung Malaysia dan menganjur hingga ke selatan Semenanjung Malaysia. Kajian ini dijalankan di sekitar bandar Ipoh dengan menguji sampel air hujan yang diambil daripada 15 lokasi pencerapan. Sampel air hujan ini di kumpulkan setiap hari sepanjang tempoh 14 hari pada bulan Julai 2020 dan April 2021. Pemilihan lokasi ini kerana bandar Ipoh merupakan sebahagian kawasan yang terletak dalam kawasan penumpuan hujan asid. Kawasan bandar Ipoh juga unik kerana pembangunan kawasan ini terletak dalam Lembah Kinta dan kawasan keluk seperti kawah yang memerangkap bahan pencemar di kawasan ini. Dapatan kajian mendapati nilai pH terendah yang menunjukkan tahap keasidan hujan yang tinggi dicatatkan pada bulan Julai 2020 iaitu pH 4.71 berbanding pH 5.61 pada bulan April 2021. Tidak dinafikan juga bahawa kejadian hujan asid ini akan memberi kesan kepada material bangunan, alam sekitar dan kesihatan manusia di bandar Ipoh.Â
Kata kunci: Hujan asid, pH, bahan pencemar
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AbstractÂ
Rainwater that has a pH value less than pH 5.6 is classified as acid rain. Acid rain is a environmental phenomena that exists due to the rapid modernization and increase of development activities without considering the environmental aspects. Acid rain is also closely related to air quality. Deterioration of air quality will lead to an increase of acidity in rainwater droplets. Acid rain is studied based on the pH value (Hydrogen Potential), which is a measurement method based on a pH indicator or pH meter device. Development progress, anthropogenic activities and the increasing number of vehicles are the main reasons that escalates the occurrence of acid rain. The most significant concentration of acid rain occurs in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia which then extends further towards the south. For this study, rainwater samples from 15 observation location around the city of Ipoh were taken and examined. The samples were collected daily over a period of 14 days in July 2020 and April 2021. The city of Ipoh was selected for this study because acid rain is more concentrated in the area. The Ipoh urban area is also unique because the development in this area is located in the Kinta Valley and curved shaped areas such as craters which traps pollutants. Findings of this study found that the lowest pH value indicating a high level of rain acidity was recorded in July 2020 which is pH 4.71 compared to pH 5.61 in April 2021. There is no doubt that the occurrence of acid rain will affect building materials, environment and human health. in the city of Ipoh.Â
Keywords: Acid rain, pH, pollutants
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