MENEROKA KERANGKA MEMAHAMI PEMBENTUKAN PULAU HABA BANDAR DI JOHOR BAHRU (EXPLORING THE FRAMEWORK TO UNDERSTANDING THE FORMATION OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS IN JOHOR BAHRU)

Authors

  • Muhamad Yusri Yushaimi Department of Geography and Environment, Sultan Idris Education University Tanjong Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia
  • Mohd Hairy Ibrahim Department of Geography and Environment, Sultan Idris Education University Tanjong Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia
  • Kamarul Ismail Department of Geography and Environment, Sultan Idris Education University Tanjong Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia
  • Mohd Hashiq Hashim Department of Geography and Environment, Sultan Idris Education University Tanjong Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia
  • Aditya Saputra Fakultas Geografi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak 

Proses pembandaran yang berlaku di Malaysia telah menyebabkan berlakunya perubahan terhadap pola guna tanah yang sangat ketara daripada peringkat asal. Pola guna tanah ini melibatkan petempatan, pusat perniagaan dan perdagangan, perkilangan dan perindustrian, jaringan pengangkutan dan perhubungan, dan perhotelan dan pelancongan. Keadaan ini membentuk morfologi bandar yang tersendiri, dikaitkan dengan sifat permukaan bandar di mana permukaannya bertar dan berkonkrit, keupayaan menyerap tenaga haba adalah tinggi dipenuhi dengan ‘hutan’ batu. Situasi ini akan membentuk mikroiklim bandar yang tersendiri mampu memanaskan dan memancar kembali haba ke persekitaran yang dikenali sebagai pembentukan pulau haba bandar (PHB). 

Kata kunci: Guna tanah, PHB, morfologi bandar, antropogenik

 

Abstract 

The process of urbanisation that occur at Malaysia has cause the changes of land use pattern significantly from the origin. These land use pattern are included the settlements area, business and commerce centers, manufacturing and industry area, transportation and communication networks, and tourism and hospitality area. This condition forms a distinctive urban morphology, where the surface of urban that covered with the concrete and tar will triggered the ability to absorb heat, this situation is affected by the existence of ‘stone’ forest at the urban area. This situation also will form an urban microclimate where it is able to increasing the heat and radiate it back to the surrounding where this phenomenon known as urban heat island (UHI). 

Keywords: Land use, UHI, urban morphology, anthropogenic

 

References

Ahadi Iskandar Ismail et al. 2011. Kesan Penyahhutanan ke atas Pola Suhu dan Kelembapan Bandingan di Cameron Highlands, Malaysia: Satu analisis awal. Fakulti Sains Kemanusiaan. UPSI.

Ahmad, S. & Lockwood, J.G. 1979. Albedo. Progress in Physical Geography 3(4): 500 543.

Bokaie, M., Zarkesh, M. K., Arasteh, P. D., & Hosseini, A. 2016. Assessment of Urban Heat Island based on the relationship between land surface temperature and Land Use/ Land Cover in Tehran. Sustainable Cities and Society 23: 94–104.

Botkin, D.B. & Keller, E.A. 2005. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 5th Rd. New Jersey: John Wiley.

Cardelino, C. A. 1991. Principles of Environmental Management: The Greening of Business. London: Prentice-Hall Inc.

Chan, N.W., Clifton, J., Barrow, C.J., Chang, W.F., Wong, C.F. & Ting, P.L. 2003. Development issues and prospects in Cameron Highlands. Proceedings of a Conference on Society, Space and Environment in a Globalised World: 240 – 251. Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Chan, K.W. 2010. Fundamentals of China’s Urbanisation and Policy. China Rev 10: 63-93.

Changnon, S. A. (Ed.). 1981. Metromex: A Review and Summary. Meteorology. Monography. No. 40. Amer. Meteor. Soc: 181.

Chang, C.R. 2007. A preliminary study on the local cool island intensity of Taipei City. Landscape and Urban planning 80: 386 – 395.

Cotton, W. R. & Pielke, R. A. 1995. Human Impacts on Weather and Climate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Grigoraș, G., & Urițescu, B. 2019. Land Use/Land Cover Changes Dynamics and their Effects on Surface Urban Heat Island in Bucharest, Romania. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 80: 115–126.

Hanafiah, N.H. 2016. Pengaruh Pulau Haba Bandar terhadap Keselesaan Terma Dalaman Bangunan untuk Pekerja di Pulau Pinang. Minden: USM.

Katiman Rostam. 1988. Pengantar Geografi Bandar. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Katiman Rostam. 2002. Prinsip Asas Persekitaran Manusia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Khamchiangta, D., & Dhakal, S. 2019. Physical and non-Physical Factors Driving Urban Heat Island: Case of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thailand. Journal of Environmental Management: 248: 1-13.

Laporan Menteri Pengangkutan Jalan. 2019. Dasar Pengangkutan Negara 2019-2030. Kementerian Pengangkutan Malaysia.

Mahmud M, Ab Liah IA. 2010. Pencemaran Udara di Bukit Rambai, Melaka Sewaktu Peristiwa Jerebu Tahun 2005. GEOGRAFIA-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 6(3): 30-39.

Mihalakakou, G., et al. 2004. Simulation of the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Mediterranean Climates. Pure and Applied Geophysics 161: 429-451.

Mohd Hairy Ibrahim. 2010. Aktiviti Antropogenik dan Kesannya Terhadap Perubahan Landskap Permukaan: Satu Kajian Observasi di Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Jurnal Perspektif 5(2): 15-28.

Mohd. Hairy Ibrahim et al. 2014. Kesan Pembandaran terhadap Pembentukan Pulau Haba Bandar di Kuala Terengganu. Geografi 2(2): 1-13.

Mills, G. 2007: Luke Howard and The Climate of London. Weather 63: 153-157.

Mills, G. 2009: Luke Howard, Tim Oke and The Study of Urban Climates. Dublin, Ireland: UCD.

Nurul Fatin Alia & R. B. Radin Firdaus. 2017. Kesan Pembangunan Kawasan Perindustrian Terhadap Komuniti Pesisir Pantai di Pasir Gudang, Johor. Kertas kerja dibentangkan pada 2nd USM-International Conference on Social Sciences, 23-25 August 2017. Pulau Pinang.

Oke, T.R. 1987. Urban Heat Storage Derive as Energy Balance residuals. Boundary-layer. Meteorology 39: 233-245.

Peron, F., De Maria, M. M., Spinazzè, F., & Mazzali, U. 2015. An Analysis of the Urban Heat Island of Venice Mainland. Sustainable Cities and Society 19: 300-309.

Rohli, R.V, & Vega, A.J. 2008. Climatology. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Shaharudin Ahmad, Noorazuan Md. Hashim dan Yaakob Mohd Jani. 2009. Fenomena Pulau Haba Bandar dan Isu Alam Sekitar di Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia Journal of Soceity and space 5(3): 57-67.

Shaharuddin Ahmad & Nooraziah Ali. 2011. Aktiviti Ekonomi dan Penjanaan Haba di beberapa lokasi terpilih di Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia

Journal of Society and Space 5(3): 57 – 67.

Shaharudin Ahmad. 2012. Mikroiklim Bandar: Perkembangan dan Impak Pulau Haba Bandar di Malaysia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Sham Sani. 1989. Pembandaran dan Iklim – Implikasi Terhadap Perancangan Bandar di Rantau Tropika Rendah. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Sham Sani. 1995. The Climate of Kuala Lumpur – Pertaling Jaya Area, Malaysia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Sin, H.T. and Chan, N.W. 2004. The Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Penang Island: Some Observations During the Wet and Dry Season. Facing Changing Conditions. Proceedings of the 2nd Bangi World Conference on Environmental Management. Bangi: Environmental Management Programme, Centre for Graduate Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Environmental Management Society (EMS) Malaysia: 504-518.

Todaro, M. P. 1997. Economic Development. 6th ed. Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.

Wong, N.H, Jusuf, S.K., Win, A.A.L., Thu, H.K., Negara, T.S. & Xuchao, W. 2007. Environmental Study of the Impact of Greenery in an Institutional Campus in the Tropics. Building and Environment 42: 2949-2970.

Zhang, Y. et al. 2012. Study on Urban Heat Island Effect based on Normalized Difference Vegetated Index: A case study of Wuhan City. Procedia Enviro 8: 574-581.

Downloads

Published

2021-12-14

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021)

Section

Environment & Landscape