PENELITIAN AWAL PENGARUH VARIABILITI IKLIM TERHADAP HASIL PADI DI PERLIS, MALAYSIA (PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON RICE YIELD IN PERLIS, MALAYSIA)

Authors

  • Muhammad Nashrul Azam Mohd Shabri Department of Geography & Environment Faculty of Human Sciences Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris 35900 Tanjong Malim Perak.
  • Mohd Hairy Ibrahim Department of Geography & Environment Faculty of Human Sciences Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak.
  • Nor Kalsum Mohd Isa Department of Geography & Environment Faculty of Human Sciences Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak.
  • Mohd Hashiq Hashim Department of Geography & Environment Faculty of Human Sciences Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak.
  • Mohd Ihsan Muhamad Ismail Department of Geography & Environment Faculty of Human Sciences Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak
  • Sharif Shofirun Sharif Ali Pusat Pengajian Kerajaan Kolej Undang-undang, Kerajaan dan pengajian Antarabangsa Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 Sintok, Kedah
  • Aditya Saputra Fakulitas Geografi Universitas Muhammadiah Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak 

Senario perubahan variabiliti iklim telah mempengaruhi sektor pertanian padi di Malaysia. Kejadian-kejadian lepas seperti banjir menyebabkan pokok padi rebah yang menyebabkan 752 hektar sawah mengalami kerugian dan fenomena kemarau telah menyebabkan kekurangan air di empangan untuk saliran pengairan sawah. Analisis deskriptif secara huraian dalam bentuk kualitatif digunakan bagi mendapatkan hasil dapatan dan perbincangan. Hasil kajian mendapati trend variabiliti iklim semakin meningkat dan sangat signifikan dengan pertanian padi. Selain itu, kesan daripada fenomena ini telah menyebabkan lapan kawasan jelapang padi di Malaysia berlaku peningkatan suhu 2oC dan menyebabkan hasil padi menurun pada kadar 0.689 tan metrik dengan anggaran kerugian sebanyak RM299,145 juta setahun. Justeru itu, langkah adaptasi perlu diambil kira oleh petani, pihak kerajaan dan bukan kerajaan. 

Kata kunci: Variabiliti iklim, pertanian padi, suhu, hujan

 

Abstract 

The climate variability change scenario has affected the paddy agriculture sector in Malaysia. Past incidents such as floods caused paddy trees to collapse which caused 752 hectares of paddy fields to suffer losses and drought phenomena have caused water shortages in dams for irrigation drainage of paddy fields. Descriptive analysis in qualitative form is used to obtain the findings and discussion. The results of the study found that the trend of climate variability is increasing and is very significant with rice farming. Besides that, the effect of this phenomenon has caused eight paddy granary areas in Malaysia to experience an increase in temperature of 2oC and caused paddy yield to decrease at a rate of 0.689 tonnes with an estimated loss of RM299,145 million per year. Therefore, adaptation measures need to be taken by farmers, the government and non -government. 

Keywords: Climate variability, rice farming, temperature, rainfall

References

Abul Quasem Al-Amin, Mohammad Nurul Azam, Mahbuba Yeasmin & Fatimah Kari. 2010. Policy challenges towards potential climate change impacts: In search of agro-climate stability. Scientific Research and Essays 5(18): 2681-2685.

Ahmad Zubir, Chamhuri Siwar, Rospidah Ghazali & Basri Abd Talib. 2012. Perubahan Iklim dan Intervensi Kerajaan: Impak ke Atas Pengeluaran Padi di Kawasan Muda, Kedah. Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia VII (Prosiding Perkem Vii), Jilid 1. Ipoh, 4-6 Jun 2012.

Bernama. 2014. (Disember 7). RM 1.75 juta diagih kepada pesawah padi rosak akibat banjir. Berita Harian Online. https://www.bharian.com.my/ berita/nasional/2014/12/21931/rm157-juta-diagih-kepada-pesawah-padi-rosak-akibat-banjir. [9 November 2020].

Chamhuri Siwar, Md. Mahmudul Alam, Md. Wahid Murad & Abul Quasem. 2009. A review of the linkages between climate change, agricultural sustainability and poverty in Malaysia. International Review of Business Research Papers 5(6): 309-321.

Eka Intan Kumala Putri, Nurmala Katrina Pandjaitan, Arya Hadi Dharmawan & Rizka Amalia. 2016. Dampak Variabilitas Iklim dan Mekanisme Adaptif Masyarakat Petani di Kawasan Beriklim Kering (Kasus Desa Boronubaen dan Desa Taunbaen Timur, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Nusa Tenggara Timur). Journal Sosiologi Pendesaan 4: 152-157

Eka Mauludina Pramasani & Roedy Soelistyono. 2018. Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Perubahan Musim Tanam Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kabupaten Malang. PLANTROPICA: Journal of Agricultural Science 3(2): 85-93.

Hasnoor Hussain. 2020. (Januari 29). Kemarau Jelapang Padi. The Malaysian Insight. https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/bahasa/g/215560. [9 November 2020[

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., & Hatziolos, M. E. 2007. Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification. Science 318(5857): 1737-1742.

Hulme, M., Wigley, T.M.L., Barrow, E.M., Raper, S.C.B., Centella, A., Smith, S.J. & Chipanshi, A.C. 2000. Using a Climate Scenario Generator for Vulnerability andAdaptation Assessments: MAGICC and SCENGEN Version 2.4 Workbook. Norwich UK: Climatic Research Unit.

Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia. 2019. Maklumat Iklim. https://www.met.gov.my/iklim/laporanringkasan/maklumatiklim. [11 November 2020].

Jabatan Pengajian Tinggi. 2010. Hala Tuju Bidang Pertanian. Jabatan Pengajian Tinggi, Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi. Shah Alam: Universiti Teknologi Mara.

Jayaraman, T. 2011. Climate change and agriculture: a review article with special reference to India. Review of Agrarian Studies 1(2): 16-78.

Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani Malaysia. 2016. Laporan Perangkaan Agromakanan 2016. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pertanian Dan Industri Asas Tani Malaysia.

Khodijah, NS. 2015. Hubungan antara perubahan iklim dan produksi tanaman padi di lahan rawa Sumatera Selatan. Enviagro: Jurnal Pertanian dan Lingkungan 8(2): 83-91.

Lembaga Kemajuan Pertanian Muda. 2017. Program Pembangunan Industri Padi. http://www.mada.gov.my/?page_id=13757. [11 November 2020]

Lembaga Kemajuan Pertanian Muda. 2020. Turunan Hujan: Status Turunan Hujan Di Kawasan Muda. http://www.mada.gov.my/? page_id=1775. [11 November 2020].

Levizzani, V., & Cattani, E. 2019. Satellite remote sensing of precipitation and the terrestrial water cycle in a changing climate. Remote Sensing 11(19): 2301.

Marks, D. 2011. Climate change and Thailand: Impact and response. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs 33(2): 229-258.

Md. Mahmudul Alam, Mohd Toriman, Chamhuri Siwar, Rafiqul Molla & Basri Talib. 2011. The Impacts of Agricultural Supports for Climate Change Adaptation: Farm Level Assessment Study on Paddy Farmers. American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7(2): 178-182.

Md. Mahmudul Alam, Chamhuri Siwar, Basri Talib, Mazlin Mokhtar & Mohd Ekhwan Toriman. 2012. Climate change adaptation policy in Malaysia: Issues for agricultural sector. African Journal of Agricultural Research 7(9): 1368-1373.

Negin Vaghefi, Mad Nasir Shamsudin, Ahmad Makmom & Milad Bagheri. 2011. The economic impacts of climate change on the rice production in Malaysia. International Journal of Agricultural Research 6(1): 67-74.

Prabnakorn, S., Maskey, S., Suryadi, F. X., & de Fraiture, C. 2018. Rice yield in response to climate trends and drought index in the Mun River Basin, Thailand. Science of the Total Environment 621: 108-119.

Radin Firdaus Radin Badaruddin, Ismail Abdul Latiff & P. Borkotoky. 2012. The Impact Climate Change towards Malaysian Paddy Farmers. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 5(2): 57-66.

Radziah Mat Lin., Engku Elini, E.A., Tapsir, S. and Mohamad Zabawi, A.G. 2010. Food security assessment under climate change ccenario in Malaysia. Palawija News 27: 1–5.

Ribot, J. C., Najam, A., & Watson, G. 1996. Climate variation, vulnerability and sustainable development in the semi-arid tropics. United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rivaldi Akhbar Pahlevi & Ninuk Herlina. 2018. Evaluasi Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Produktivitas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Di Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 6(8): 1929-933.

Selvaraju, R., & Baas, S. 2007. Climate Variability and Change: Adaptation to Drought in Bangladesh: A Resource Book and Training Guide (Vol. 9). Food & Agriculture Org.

Thornton, P. K., Ericksen, P. J., Herrero, M., & Challinor, A. J. 2014. Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review. Global Change Biology 20(11): 3313-3328.

World Meteorological Organization. 2019. https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/faqs.php. [5 Oktober 2020]

Wu, W., Verburg, P. H., & Tang, H. 2014. Climate change and the food production system: impacts and adaptation in China. Reg Environ Change 14: 1–5.

Zahid Zainal, Mad Nasir Shamsudin, Zainal Abidin Mohamed, Shehu Usman Adam & Sara Kaffashi. 2014. Assessing the impacts of climate change on paddy production in Malaysia. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 8(6): 331-341.

Downloads

Published

2021-12-14

Issue

Section

Environment & Landscape