KESAN PEMERINTAHAN KOLONIAL TERHADAP KEGIATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELAYU DI MELAKA HINGGA ERA KEMERDEKAAN (EFFECT OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT OF THE ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF MALAY IN MALACCA UNTIL THE ERA OF INDEPENDENCE)

Abstract

Abstrak 

Objektif kajian ini bertujuan untuk menggalurkan perkembangan ekonomi pertanian masyarakat Melayu di Melaka bermula zaman tradisional hingga Tanah Melayu mencapai kemerdekaan. Kajian ini akan menelusuri tiga zaman utama iaitu sebelum merdeka, semasa pemerintahan kolonial dan selepas merdeka. Kajian ini akan membincangkan perubahan ekonomi masyarakat Melayu kesan pemerintahan kolonial hingga era kemerdekaan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menganalisis sumber primer dan sekunder seperti peta, laporan tahunan, temu bual dan lain-lain. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pertumbuhan ekonomi luar bandar khususnya dalam aspek pembangunan kesejahteraan masyarakat pada keseluruhannya adalah sangat positif. Dapatan kajian juga mendapati taraf hidup masyarakat Melayu luar bandar di Melaka meningkat dimanifestasikan melalui penglibatan dalam ekonomi komersil. Situasi ini jelas dapat dilihat pada era kemerdekaan iaitu kadar peratusan kemiskinan menunjukkan penurunan dan pemilikan keluasan tanah bagi masyarakat Melayu semakin meningkat. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pemerintahan kolonial sememangnya telah mengubah corak ekonomi di tanah Melayu melalui dasar dualisme iaitu pengekalan kegiatan ekonomi tradisional untuk masyarakat Melayu dan dalam masa yang sama memperkenalkan ekonomi komersil bagi kaum lain. Hanya selepas Tanah Melayu memasuki era kemerdekaan baharu masyarakat Melayu berpeluang melibatkan diri dalam ekonomi komersil. Implikasi kajian ini memberi sumbangan yang penting kepada masyarakat di Malaysia dalam konteks untuk memahami kesan daripada penjajahan Barat terhadap kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat Melayu di negeri Melaka hingga era kemerdekaan. 

Kata kunci: Sosioekonomi, pertanian, masyarakat Melayu, luar bandar

 

Abstract 

The objective of this study was to groove the development of the agricultural economy of the Malays in Malacca starting traditional to Malaya achieved independence. This study will trace the three main eras, namely before independence, during colonial rule and after independence. This study will discuss the changes in the socio-economic structure of the Malay community before and after colonial rule. This study uses qualitative methods by analyzing primary and secondary sources such as maps, annual reports, interviews and others. The results of the study show that the growth of the rural economy, especially in the aspect of development of community well -being as a whole is very positive. The study also found that the standard of living of rural Malay community is manifested through increased involvement in the commercial economy. This situation can clearly be seen in the era of independence, which showed a decrease in poverty rates and the percentage of ownership of land for growing the community. In conclusion, this study shows that the colonial administration certainly has changed the economy in the Malay world through basic dualism of retention of traditional economic activity for the community and at the same time introduce a commercial economy to another race. Only after entering the era of the Malay ground that new independence of the Malay community had the opportunity to engage in a commercial economy. The implications of this study provide an important contribution to society in the context to understand the impact of Western colonialism on economic activities of the Malay community in the state of Malacca to the independence era. 

Keywords: Socioeconomic, agricultural, Malay community, rural.