WATERS OF UNITY: MARITIME HISTORY OF NUSANTARA FROM HINDU-BUDDHIST KINGDOMS TO THE PRE-COLONIAL ERA
PERAIRAN PERPADUAN: SEJARAH MARITIM NUSANTARA DARI KERAJAAN HINDU-BUDDHA HINGGA ZAMAN PRA-PENJAJAHAN
Abstract
Abstract
The seas and oceans have long served as sources of inspiration and knowledge, challenging human perceptions historically rooted in myths and superstitions. Beyond their symbolic significance, these maritime spaces functioned as critical conduits for interregional connections, fostering mutual understanding, unity, and economic prosperity. In this study, we examine the maritime history of Nusantara, focusing on the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms and the subsequent pre-colonial era, to explore the dynamic interplay between indigenous maritime traditions and external seafaring influences. Employing a qualitative approach grounded in the Annales School framework, this research synthesises secondary data from historical, archaeological, and anthropological sources to uncover the patterns of continuity and change in maritime governance. By highlighting the underexplored role of Nusantara in shaping regional civilisations and navigating external pressures, this study bridges historical narratives with contemporary discussions on maritime governance. Our findings offer lessons from the past to inform sustainable development, regional cooperation, and strategic management of oceanic resources in the Indo-Pacific region. By focusing on the intersections of local maritime agency and global forces, we aim to advance the understanding of how maritime histories continue to influence the present and future.
Keywords: Maritime History, Nusantara, Pre-Colonial Era, Southeast Asian Historiography, Oceanic Networks
Abstrak
Laut dan lautan telah lama menjadi sumber inspirasi dan pengetahuan, mencabar persepsi manusia yang berakar umbi dalam mitos dan tahyul. Di luar kepentingan simboliknya, ruang maritim ini berfungsi sebagai saluran kritikal untuk hubungan antara wilayah, memupuk persefahaman bersama, perpaduan dan kemakmuran ekonomi. Makalah ini mengkaji sejarah maritim Nusantara, memfokuskan kepada kerajaan Hindu-Buddha dan era prapenjajahan seterusnya, untuk meneroka interaksi dinamik antara tradisi maritim peribumi dan pengaruh pelayaran luar. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan rangka kerja Sekolah Annales, penyelidikan ini menganalisis data sekunder daripada sumber sejarah, arkeologi dan antropologi untuk mendedahkan corak kesinambungan dan perubahan dalam tadbir urus maritim. Dengan menonjolkan peranan Nusantara yang kurang diterokai dalam membentuk tamadun serantau dan mengemudi tekanan luar, kajian ini merapatkan naratif sejarah dengan perbincangan kontemporari tentang tadbir urus maritim. Penemuan ini menawarkan dapatan daripada masa lalu untuk menguruskan pembangunan mampan, kerjasama serantau dan pengurusan strategik sumber lautan di rantau Indo-Pasifik. Dengan memfokuskan pada persimpangan agensi maritim tempatan dan kuasa global, penulis berhasrat untuk memajukan pemahaman tentang bagaimana sejarah maritim terus mempengaruhi masa kini dan masa depan.
Kata-kunci: Sejarah maritim, Nusantara, zaman prapenjajah, historiografi Asia Tenggara, rangkaian lautan
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