A CRITICAL REVIEW OF PRE AND POST-INDEPENDENCE CULTURAL PROPERTY LAWS IN NIGERIA
TINJAUAN KRITIKAL UNDANG-UNDANG HARTA BUDAYA SEBELUM DAN SELEPAS KEMERDEKAAN DI NIGERIA
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a critical review of the cultural property laws in Nigeria, both before and after independence. The study delves into the historical development of these laws, tracing their origins from the pre-colonial era to the present day. It examines the various legislative enactments and policy frameworks that have been put in place to protect and preserve Nigeria's rich cultural heritage. The paper critically evaluates the effectiveness of these laws in safeguarding the country's cultural property against theft, illegal export, and destruction. It explores the challenges and gaps that exist in the current legal framework and proposes recommendations for improvement. Through a comparative analysis of cultural property laws in the pre-colonial and post-colonial eras, the paper seeks to draw lessons and best practices that can be applied to enhance the legal framework in Nigeria. The study concludes with a call for the urgent reform of cultural property laws in Nigeria to ensure the protection and sustainable management of the country's cultural heritage for future generations.
Keywords: Pre-independence, Post-independence, Cultural property law, Heritage protection, Sustainable heritage management
Abstrak
Makalah ini membentangkan ulasan kritikal undang-undang harta budaya di Nigeria, sebelum dan selepas kemerdekaan. Kajian ini mendalami perkembangan sejarah undang-undang, menelusuri asal-usulnya dari zaman prapenjajahan hingga ke hari ini. Ia meneliti pelbagai enakmen perundangan dan rangka kerja dasar yang telah dilaksanakan untuk melindungi dan memelihara warisan budaya Nigeria yang kaya. Makalah ini menilai secara kritis keberkesanan undang-undang ini dalam melindungi harta budaya negara daripada kecurian, eksport haram dan kemusnahan. Ia meneroka cabaran dan jurang yang wujud dalam rangka kerja undang-undang semasa dan mencadangkan cadangan untuk penambahbaikan. Melalui analisis perbandingan undang-undang harta budaya dalam era prapenjajahan dan pasca-penjajahan, makalah ini berusaha untuk menarik pengajaran dan amalan terbaik yang boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan rangka kerja undang-undang di Nigeria. Kajian ini diakhiri dengan seruan untuk pembaharuan segera undang-undang harta budaya di Nigeria untuk memastikan perlindungan dan pengurusan mampan warisan budaya negara untuk generasi akan datang.
Kata Kunci: Prakemerdekaan, Pascakemerdekaan, Undang-undang harta budaya, Perlindungan warisan, Pengurusan warisan mampan
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