THE WORLD'S MARITIME IN THE 21ST CENTURY: CHALLENGES, EXPECTATIONS, AND DIRECTIONS
(MARITIM DUNIA ABAD KE-21: CABARAN, HARAPAN DAN HALA TUJU)
Abstract
Abstract
The maritime industry is a cornerstone of global trade, responsible for transporting over 90% of the world’s goods. However, the 21st century has brought both new opportunities and unprecedented challenges for the sector. With the continued growth of global trade, rapid technological advancements, and shifting geopolitical dynamics, the maritime industry faces increasing pressure to adapt and innovate. Key challenges include the need for sustainability in the face of environmental concerns, such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, marine pollution, and biodiversity loss. Technological advancements, such as automation, digitalization, and the adoption of green technologies, offer promising solutions but also pose operational and regulatory hurdles. Geopolitical tensions, particularly in strategically important regions like the South China Sea, add further complexity to the security and stability of global shipping routes. Furthermore, the evolving expectations of governments, businesses, and the public demand the maritime industry prioritize environmental responsibility, workforce welfare, and safety. This paper explores these challenges, outlines the expectations for the maritime sector, and identifies the key directions that will shape the future of the industry, emphasizing the role of innovation, collaboration, and sustainable practices. A comprehensive understanding of these dynamics is crucial for stakeholders to navigate the complexities of the modern maritime environment and ensure the industry's resilience and growth in the coming decades.
Keywords: Maritime, Sustainable, Technological, Innovation, Global Trade, Dynamics and Security
Abstrak
Industri maritim merupakan tunjang utama perdagangan global, yang bertanggungjawab mengangkut lebih daripada 90% barangan dunia. Namun, abad ke-21 telah membawa peluang baharu serta cabaran yang belum pernah dihadapi sebelum ini dalam sektor tersebut. Dengan pertumbuhan berterusan perdagangan global, kemajuan teknologi yang pesat, dan perubahan dalam dinamik geopolitik, industri maritim berdepan tekanan yang semakin meningkat untuk menyesuaikan diri dan berinovasi. Antara cabaran utama ialah keperluan untuk kelestarian sejajar dengan kebimbangan alam sekitar, seperti pengurangan pelepasan gas rumah hijau, pencemaran marin dan kehilangan biodiversiti. Kemajuan teknologi seperti automasi, pendigitalan dan penggunaan teknologi hijau menawarkan penyelesaian yang menjanjikan, namun turut membawa cabaran dari segi operasi dan peraturan. Ketegangan geopolitik, terutamanya di kawasan strategik seperti Laut China Selatan, menambahkan lagi kerumitan terhadap keselamatan dan kestabilan laluan perkapalan global. Selain itu, jangkaan yang semakin berkembang daripada pihak kerajaan, perniagaan dan orang awam menuntut agar industri maritim memberi keutamaan kepada tanggungjawab alam sekitar, kebajikan tenaga kerja dan keselamatan. Makalah ini mengupas cabaran-cabaran tersebut, menghuraikan jangkaan terhadap sektor maritim, serta mengenal pasti hala tuju utama yang akan membentuk masa depan industri ini, dengan penekanan kepada peranan inovasi, kerjasama dan amalan mampan. Pemahaman menyeluruh terhadap dinamik ini adalah penting bagi semua pihak berkepentingan untuk mengharungi persekitaran maritim moden yang kompleks, serta memastikan daya tahan dan pertumbuhan industri ini dalam dekad-dekad akan datang.
Kata Kunci: Maritim, Mampan, Teknologi, Inovasi, Perdagangan Global, Dinamik dan Keselamatan
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