SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KENYIR LAKE, MALAYSIA: LOCAL COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS AND BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION
PEMBANGUNAN MAMPAN DI TASIK KENYIR, MALAYSIA: PERSEPSI KOMUNITI TEMPATAN DAN PEMELIHARAAN BIODIVERSITI
Abstract
Abstract
Kenyir Lake as the largest human-made lake in Southeast Asia, is a national ecotourism asset rich in biodiversity. The sustainability of this natural resource heavily depends on continuous conservation and preservation efforts in which the local community plays a crucial role in ensuring its success. Rapid development poses a potential threat to the ecological balance of Kenyir Lake. A key issue identified is the lack of understanding and involvement of the local community regarding the value of this natural heritage which could undermine long-term sustainable development efforts. Thus, there is a gap in understanding the current perceptions of the community toward the development of Kenyir Lake as an ecotourism destination. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey questionnaire method. A total of 510 respondents comprising heads of households from 10 villages around Kenyir Lake participated. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to obtain frequency values, percentages, means and standard deviations to measure the level of community perception. The findings indicate that the overall perception of the local community toward the development of Kenyir Lake's natural environment is at a moderate level (mean = 3.50, standard deviation = 0.562). While the community demonstrated high awareness of the lake's ecological functions such as flood control and heritage preservation, the results also revealed significant minority concerns (14.5%) regarding the negative environmental impacts of development. These findings have important implications for stakeholders particularly the Village Community Management Council (MPKK) and tourism development agencies. There is an urgent need to enhance community engagement programs and environmental education to improve the level of understanding and involvement of the community. By bridging this knowledge gap, community support can be strengthened thereby ensuring that ecotourism development in Kenyir Lake is carried out sustainably and in a balanced manner
Keywords: Community perception, sustainable development, ecotourism, environmental conservation, stakeholder engagement
Abstrak
Tasik Kenyir sebagai tasik buatan manusia terbesar di Asia Tenggara merupakan aset ekopelancongan negara yang kaya dengan biodiversiti. Kelestarian sumber semula jadi ini amat bergantung pada usaha pemuliharaan dan preservasi yang berterusan di mana komuniti tempatan memainkan peranan penting dalam menjayakannya. Pembangunan pesat berpotensi mengancam keseimbangan ekologi Tasik Kenyir. Isu utama yang dikenal pasti ialah kurangnya pemahaman dan penglibatan komuniti tempatan terhadap nilai warisan semula jadi ini yang boleh menjejaskan usaha pembangunan mampan dalam jangka panjang. Oleh itu, wujud jurang dalam memahami persepsi semasa komuniti terhadap pembangunan Tasik Kenyir sebagai destinasi ekopelancongan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan soal selidik. Seramai 510 responden yang terdiri daripada Ketua Isi Rumah (KIR) dari 10 buah kampung di sekitar Tasik Kenyir telah mengambil bahagian. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mendapatkan nilai kekerapan, peratusan, min dan sisihan piawai bagi mengukur tahap persepsi komuniti. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa persepsi keseluruhan komuniti tempatan terhadap pembangunan persekitaran semula jadi Tasik Kenyir berada pada tahap sederhana (min = 3.50, sisihan piawai = 0.562). Walaupun komuniti menunjukkan kesedaran yang tinggi terhadap fungsi ekologi tasik seperti kawalan banjir dan pemeliharaan warisan, dapatan turut mendedahkan kebimbangan minoriti yang signifikan (14.5%) terhadap impak negatif pembangunan terhadap alam sekitar. Dapatan kajian ini memberi implikasi penting kepada pihak berkepentingan terutamanya Majlis Pengurusan Komuniti Kampung (MPKK) dan agensi pembangunan pelancongan. Terdapat keperluan mendesak untuk mempergiatkan program libat urus dan pendidikan alam sekitar bagi meningkatkan tahap pemahaman dan penglibatan komuniti. Dengan merapatkan jurang pengetahuan ini, sokongan komuniti dapat diperkukuh sekali gus memastikan pembangunan ekopelancongan di Tasik Kenyir dilaksanakan secara mampan dan seimbang
Kata Kunci: Persepsi komuniti, pembangunan mampan, ekopelancongan, pemuliharaan alam sekitar, penglibatan pihak berkepentingan
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