RITUAL, POWER, AND THE POLITICS OF WATER AT TELAGA TOK SHEIKH, MOUNT JERAI, KEDAH: RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY, POPULAR HERITAGE, AND THE POSTCOLONIAL DESACRALISATION OF THE SACRED IN MALAYSIA

RITUAL, KUASA, DAN POLITIK AIR DI TELAGA TOK SHEIKH, GUNUNG JERAI, KEDAH: AUTORITI AGAMA, WARISAN RAKYAT, DAN PENYAHSAKRALAN PASCAKOLONIAL TERHADAP KESAKRALAN DI MALAYSIA

Authors

  • MOHD FIRDAUS ABDULLAH
  • ARBA’IYAH MOHD NOOR
  • SHAIFUL SHAHIDAN
  • MARINA ABDUL MAJID

Abstract

Abstract 

This article examines the water ritual at Telaga Tok Sheikh, Gunung Jerai, as a site of epistemological contestation between the sacred heritage of the local community and the desacralising power of the postcolonial nation-state. Historically, the water from this well has been associated with Sheikh Abdullah al-Qumairi, a pivotal figure in the Islamisation of Kedah in the twelfth century. Yet, the spiritual practices of the surrounding community are today labelled as khurafat (superstition) by the state’s religious authorities. This study reveals how rituals such as the mandi bunga (flower bath), solitary meditation, and the collection of water for healing are not merely manifestations of belief, but also acts of collective remembrance of a sacred geography now overlaid by religious bureaucracy and the imperatives of tourism development. While state authorities portray these practices as deviations, the community continues to engage with water as an agent of healing, purification, and the continuity of tradition, thus enacting a form of infra-politics of belief that resists the dominance of formal authoritative systems. The article argues that the water ritual at Telaga Tok Sheikh embodies a silent form of resistance against the alignment of colonial epistemologies, now perpetuated through religious technocracy and developmentalist logic. Employing the frameworks of cultural representation and the theory of sacred space, the analysis interrogates how the exclusion of this site from official heritage categories raises broader questions: who holds the authority to define heritage, determine the legitimacy of spiritual practices, and assert sovereignty over meaning in a postcolonial society? Within this frame, water can no longer be regarded as a neutral element; it emerges as a medium of symbolic conflict, a site of cultural struggle, and a marker of the reconstruction of spiritual identity marginalised by the nation-state project. In doing so, this study contributes by foregrounding Telaga Tok Sheikh as an overlooked locus of Malay Muslim ritual practice that unsettles dominant state centred historiographies. It provides an original intervention into Southeast Asian scholarship by linking the politics of water rituals to questions of heritage making, authority, and the decolonisation of religious knowledge, an angle that has been largely absent in existing literature. 

Keywords: Water ritual, Religious authority, Popular heritage, Postcolonial desacralization Politics of the sacred

 

Abstrak 

Artikel ini menelusuri ritual air di Telaga Tok Sheikh, Gunung Jerai, sebagai medan kontestasi epistemologi antara warisan sakral masyarakat dan kuasa penyahsakralan negara-bangsa pascakolonial. Secara sejarah, air dari telaga tersebut dikaitkan dengan Sheikh Abdullah al-Qumairi, tokoh penting dalam proses Islamisasi Kedah pada abad ke-12. Namun, amalan spiritual masyarakat setempat di tapak ini pada masa kini dilabel sebagai khurafat oleh institusi agama negeri. Kajian ini membongkar bagaimana ritual seperti mandi bunga, bertapa dan mengambil air sebagai penawar bukan sekadar manifestasi kepercayaan, tetapi turut berfungsi sebagai bentuk ingatan kolektif terhadap sacred geography yang kini ditindih oleh birokrasi agama dan arus pembangunan pelancongan. Sementara pihak berkuasa menggambarkan amalan tersebut sebagai penyimpangan, masyarakat terus menghubungkan diri mereka dengan air sebagai agen penyembuhan, pemurnian dan kesinambungan tradisi. Keberlangsungan ini sekali gus mewujudkan bentuk infra-politics of belief yang tidak tunduk pada sistem autoritatif rasmi. Artikel ini berhujah bahawa ritual air di Telaga Tok Sheikh mencerminkan satu bentuk perlawanan senyap terhadap penjajaran epistemologi kolonial yang kini dihidupkan semula melalui teknokrasi agama dan logik pembangunan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan representasi budaya dan teori ruang sakral, penulis menganalisis bagaimana pengabaian tapak ini daripada kategori warisan rasmi membuka persoalan yang lebih luas: siapakah yang berhak menentukan takrif warisan, kesahihan amalan spiritual dan kedaulatan makna dalam masyarakat pascakolonial. Dalam kerangka ini, air tidak lagi dapat dilihat sebagai unsur neutral; ia merupakan medium konflik simbolik, medan perlawanan budaya dan penanda kepada rekonstruksi identiti spiritual yang dipinggirkan oleh projek negara. Kajian ini menyumbang dengan menempatkan Telaga Tok Sheikh sebagai sebuah tapak amalan ritual Melayu-Islam yang selama ini dipinggirkan namun tetap signifikan, serta berupaya menggugat historiografi yang berpusat pada negara. Ia menawarkan suatu intervensi baharu dalam wacana akademik Asia Tenggara dengan menghubungkan politik ritual air kepada persoalan pembentukan warisan, autoriti keagamaan, dan usaha dekolonisasi pengetahuan, iaitu satu dimensi yang masih kurang diterokai dalam kajian terdahulu. 

Kata Kunci: Ritual air, Autoriti agama, Warisan rakyat, Penyahsakralan pascakolonial, Politik kesakralan

Author Biographies

MOHD FIRDAUS ABDULLAH

Center for Research in History, Politics and International Affairs,

Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

ARBA’IYAH MOHD NOOR

Department of History,

Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,

Universiti Malaya

SHAIFUL SHAHIDAN

Center for Research in History, Politics and International Affairs,

Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

MARINA ABDUL MAJID

Center for Research in History, Politics and International Affairs,

Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

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Published

2025-11-30

Issue

Section

Archaeology & History