PERKEMBANGAN PERUSAHAAN BATIK DI KELANTAN, 1948-1982
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BATIK INDUSTRY IN KELANTAN, 1948-1982
Abstract
Abstrak
Penulisan ini meneliti perkembangan perusahaan batik di Kelantan dalam tempoh antara tahun 1948 hingga 1982. Kajian terdahulu mengenai industri batik di negeri ini lebih banyak memberi tumpuan kepada aspek teknikal, evolusi teknik, perkembangan teknologi, serta warisan budaya tradisional Kelantan. Namun begitu, kajian yang membincangkan isu ini daripada perspektif sejarah masih kurang dihasilkan. Dalam erti kata lain, kajian ini melihat perusahaan batik sebagai sebahagian daripada naratif sejarah ekonomi negeri Kelantan, bukan sebagai warisan budaya atau seni kraf tangan semata-mata. Sehubungan itu, penulisan ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan melakukan analisis terhadap dokumen primer dan sekunder yang berkaitan dengan perusahaan batik di Kelantan. Antara sumber primer yang digunakan ialah fail-fail rasmi seperti K 1192/1948 Petition Praying Permission to Erect a Batik Sarong Factory on Lot No. 199 Section 13- Kota Bharu Town, JPK. KN. KOP/024/ BHG.2 Syarikat Kerjasama Serbaguna Pembatek Kelantan Berhad, M.B. KN (0) 189 Perusahaan Batik, M.B. KN (0) 246 Batik- Perusahaan Batik, PEN - KN. 508/7 Development of Small Scale Industries (Batik Village), YPN. KN 106/1 Perusahaan Batik, PKKM 1429, Perkampungan Batik, PKKM 1081/2-1, Penubuhan Perkampungan Batik, dan R.I.D.A. 7718, Batek Research Centre @ Kelantan yang diperoleh dari Arkib Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur dan Arkib Negara Malaysia Negeri Kelantan. Manakala, sumber sekunder seperti buku, tesis dan latihan ilmiah pula diperoleh dari Perpustakaan Awam Kelantan dan Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut 1, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa perusahaan batik di Kelantan telah melalui fasa kegemilangan dan kemerosotan dalam tempoh yang dikaji. Selain itu, para pengusaha batik turut berdepan dengan pelbagai masalah dan cabaran. Bantuan daripada kerajaan serta agensi-agensi berkaitan telah membantu mereka mengatasi isu seperti kekurangan modal, bahan mentah, tenaga pekerja, serta persaingan daripada batik luar khususnya dari Jepun, Siam dan batik tiruan.
Kata kunci: Perusahaan batik, Kelantan, batik luar, batik tiruan, perkampungan batik
Abstract
This paper examines the development of the batik industry in Kelantan between 1948 and 1982. Previous studies on the batik industry in the state have largely focused on technical aspects, the evolution of techniques, technological advancements, and the preservation of traditional cultural heritage in Kelantan. However, historical studies addressing this issue remain limited. In other words, this study views the batik industry as part of the economic history narrative of the state of Kelantan, rather than merely as a form of cultural heritage or traditional handicraft. Therefore, this study adopts a qualitative approach by analyzing both primary and secondary documents related to the batik industry in Kelantan. The primary sources used include official records such as K 1192/1948 Petition Praying Permission to Erect a Batik Sarong Factory on Lot No. 199 Section 13- Kota Bharu Town, JPK. KN. KOP/024/ BHG.2 Syarikat Kerjasama Serbaguna Pembatek Kelantan Berhad, M.B. KN (0) 189 Perusahaan Batik, M.B. KN (0) 246 Batik- Perusahaan Batik, PEN - KN. 508/7 Development of Small-Scale Industries (Batik Village), YPN. KN 106/1 Perusahaan Batik, PKKM 1429, Perkampungan Batik, PKKM 1081/2-1, Penubuhan Perkampungan Batik, and R.I.D.A. 7718, Batek Research Centre @ Kelantan, all obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur and National Archives of Malaysia, Kelantan State. Meanwhile, secondary sources such as books, theses, and academic papers were gathered from the Kelantan Public Library and Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut 1, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. The findings of the study reveal that the batik industry in Kelantan experienced periods of both prosperity and decline during the period under review. Furthermore, batik entrepreneurs faced various problems and challenges. Assistance from the government and related agencies helped them address issues such as shortages of capital, raw materials, and labor, as well as competition from imported batik, particularly from Japan, Siam, and counterfeit batik products.
Keywords: Batik industry, Kelantan, imported batik, counterfeit batik, batik village
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