NAMING PATTERNS OF TOPONYMS USING THE WORD ‘BAHO’ IN THE BUNGKU REGION, MOROWALI REGENCY
POLA PENAMAAN TOPONIM YANG MENGGUNAKAN KATA ‘BAHO’ DI WILAYAH BUNGKU, KABUPATEN MOROWALI
Abstract
Abstrak
This study aims to disclose the naming patterns of toponyms containing the word baho in the Bungku area, Morowali Regency. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with an onomastic approach. The primary data consisted of eight toponyms containing the morpheme baho, obtained through direct observation, interviews with community and customary leaders, and examination of administrative documents and regional archives. Secondary data were gathered from dictionaries, linguistic studies, and literature related to the Bungku language and culture. The results show that all toponyms follow a consistent morphological structure in which the morpheme baho serves as a core noun meaning ‘water’ and functions as a geographic marker. Two main morphological patterns were identified: (1) attributive nominal composition (N + A), such as Bahomotefe, Bahomoleo, and Bahomohoni, where the adjective describes the properties of water (color, taste, or condition); and (2) compound nominal composition (N + N), as found in Bahontobungku, which indicates social identity or ownership. In addition, one case of semantic reduplication was observed in Bahoea Rekoreko, expressing intensification of meaning, and a morphophonemic phenomenon in the form of /n/ insertion appeared in Bahomante and Bahontobungku as a phonetic transition. The findings indicate that the naming of toponyms in the Bungku area is not merely linguistic but also reflects the community’s perception of water as a vital element in their daily life and environment.
Keywords: Toponym, baho, onomastics, morphology, Morowali, Bungku area
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pola penamaan toponim yang menggunakan kata baho di wilayah Bungku, Kabupaten Morowali. Penelitian ini menggunakan kaedah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan onomastik. Data primer terdiri daripada lapan toponim yang menggunakan morfem baho, yang diperoleh melalui pemerhatian langsung, wawancara dengan tokoh masyarakat dan tokoh adat, serta penelusuran dokumen administrasi dan arkib daerah. Data sekunder diperoleh dari kamus, kajian linguistik, dan literatur yang berkaitan dengan bahasa dan budaya Bungku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh toponim mengikut struktur morfologis yang konsisten, di mana morfem baho berperanan sebagai nomina inti yang bererti ‘air’ dan berfungsi sebagai penanda geografi. Dua pola morfologi utama ditemui, iaitu: (1) komposisi nominal atributif (N + A), seperti Bahomotefe, Bahomoleo, dan Bahomohoni, di mana adjektif menerangkan sifat air (warna, rasa, atau kondisi); dan (2) komposisi nominal majmuk (N + N), seperti pada Bahontobungku, yang menunjukkan identiti sosial atau kepemilikan. Selain itu, satu kes reduplikasi semantik ditemukan pada Bahoea Rekoreko yang mengekspresikan penguatan makna, serta fenomena morfofonemik berupa penyisipan /n/ pada Bahomante dan Bahontobungku sebagai transisi fonetik. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahawa penamaan toponim di wilayah Bungku tidak hanya bersifat linguistik, tetapi juga mencerminkan persepsi masyarakat terhadap air sebagai unsur penting dalam kehidupan dan lingkungan mereka.
Kata kunci: Toponim, baho, onomastik, morfologi, Morowali, wilayah Bungku
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