TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS: A CASE STUDY ON INDONESIAN SEAWEED IN THE GLOBAL MARKET (LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN DAN DAYA SAING EKSPOT: KAJIAN KES RUMPAI LAUT INDONESIA DI PASARAN GLOBAL)

Abstract

Abstract

This research aims to analyse the characteristics of Indonesian seaweed commodities, analyse Indonesian seaweed export competitiveness model in global market, analyse the Government of Indonesia's efforts to improve the export competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed commodities, and analyse the role of actors in increasing the Indonesian seaweed in global market. This research used mix method analysis quantitative and qualitative, the collected data through primary data derived from Indonesian Seaweed Association (ARLI) and secondary data from United Nations Commodity and Trade, Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistic, Bank of Indonesia, Ministry of Trade. This research found that the characteristics of Indonesian seaweed according to several variables such as export competitiveness, productivity, raw material price, trade liberalization rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, research and investment development, and product differentiation have fluctuated value in the period of 2006-2016. The result of regression data shows that interest rate, exchange rate, economic growth, raw material price, farmer wage rate, product differentiation, and liberalization policy has positive effect on RCA seaweed. Inflation, productivity, nominal protection coefficient, and research development investment have negative influence on RCA. The prediction on the competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed is that the competitiveness will still increase, but it depends on the economic condition of Indonesia in the future. It is necessary to have synergy between government, private, and universities to increase seaweed competitiveness in global market.

Keywords: Trade Liberalization,  Export Competitiveness, Indonesian Seaweed

 

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ciri-ciri komoditi rumpai laut Indonesia, menganalisis model daya saing ekspot rumpai laut Indonesia di pasaran global, menganalisis usaha Pemerintah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan daya saing ekspot komoditi rumput laut Indonesia dan menganalisis peranan pihak berkepentingan dalam meningkatkan rumput laut Indonesia di pasaran dunia. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis kaedah campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif, data yang dikumpul melalui data primer yang diperolehi dari Persatuan Rumpai Laut Indonesia dan data sekunder dari Komoditi dan Perdagangan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, Biro Pusat Statistik Indonesia, Bank Indonesia dan Kementerian Perdagangan Indonesia. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa ciri-ciri rumpai laut Indonesia mengikut beberapa pemboleh ubah seperti daya saing ekspot, produktiviti, harga bahan mentah, kadar liberalisasi perdagangan, kadar inflasi, kadar pertukaran, pembangunan penyelidikan, pelaburan dan pembezaan produk telah berubah nilai pada tahun 2006-2016. Hasil data regresi menunjukkan bahawa kadar faedah, kadar pertukaran, pertumbuhan ekonomi, harga bahan mentah, kadar upah petani, pembezaan produk, dan dasar liberalisasi mempunyai kesan positif terhadap RCA rumpai laut. Inflasi, produktiviti, pekali perlindungan nominal dan pelaburan pembangunan penyelidikan mempunyai pengaruh negatif terhadap RCA. Ramalan mengenai daya saing rumpai laut Indonesia ialah daya saing akan terus meningkat, tetapi ia bergantung pada keadaan ekonomi Indonesia di masa depan. Ia perlu bersinergi antara kerajaan, swasta dan universiti untuk meningkatkan daya saing rumpai laut di pasaran global.

Kata kunci: Liberalisasi Perdagangan, Daya Saing Ekspot, Rumpai Laut Indonesia