KAEDAH PERBAHASAN SEBAGAI WAHANA PEMBELAJARAN DAN PEMUDAH CARA BERASASKAN KBAT DALAM PROSES PENULISAN KARANGAN ARGUMENTATIF (Debate as a Tools for Teaching and Learning Based on Hots in the Process of Argumentative Essay Writing)

Abstract

Abstrak: Penerapan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) dalam proses pembelajaran dan pemudah cara (PdPc) di dalam bilik darjah menjadi sebahagian daripada agenda pendidikan negara. Peralihan tumpuan ini amat penting dalam memastikan kelestarian sistem pendidikan negara menyediakan murid untuk memaksimumkan keupayaan kognitif mereka. Persaingan yang amat kompetitif dalam sistem pendidikan global menuntut pada pengamal sistem pendidikan perlu mengubah kaedah dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam bilik darjah untuk merealisasikan agenda pendidikan negara ini. Justeru, kajian in dilangsungkan bagi meneliti bagaimana guru melaksanakan Pdp berasaskan  KBAT dalam proses penulisan karangan argumentatif. Bagi mendapatkan gambaran yang holistik terhadap kaedah PdPc yang digunakan oleh guru, kajian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakanreka bentuk penyelidikan kajian kes kualitatif. Dua orang peserta kajian dilibatkan secara sukarela dan kajian ini dilaksanakan di sebuah sekolah berasrama penuh di sebuah daerah di Selangor. Bagi mengumpulkan data yang bermakna daripada kedua-dua peserta kajian, temu bual secara mendalam, pemerhatian di dalam bilik darjah dan penganalisisan dokumen sehingga data-data mencapai tahap ketepuan. Seterusnya, dapatan kajian dianalisis untuk membentuk kriteria dan tema bagi meneliti kaedah PdPc berasaskan KBAT yang diamalkan oleh kedua-dua peserta kajiandalam proses penulisan karangan argumentatif. Dapatan kajian memperlihatkan kaedah perbahasan digunakan sebagai salah satu cara melangsungkan PdPc berasaskan KBAT dalam proses penulisan karangan argumentatif. Secara keseluruhannya, kaedah perbahasan didapati berupaya menarik minat murid dan mencabar keupayaan murid menggunakan kognitif berfikir pada aras tinggi dalam usaha menyediakan hujah dan melengkapkan tugasan menulis karangan.

Kata kunci: kaedah perbahasan, KBAT, kajian kes, karangan argumentatif, wahana

Abstract: The application of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in the teaching and learning process in the classroom is a part of the national education agenda. The shift is crucial in ensuring the sustainability of the national education system in maximizing the students’ cognitive abilities. The competitiveness in the global education system demands the needs of the educators to change the teaching methods and approaches used in the classroom for the realization of the country's education agenda. Thus, this study was conducted to examine how the teaching and learning process based on HOTS is being implemented by the educators in the process of writing the argumentative essay. In order to obtain a holistic overview of the methods used by teachers in the teaching and learning process, the qualitative case study approach was being employed as the research design of this study. Two research participants were involved in this study and the study was conducted at a boarding school in a district in the state of Selangor. In order to collect meaningful data from both of the research participants, in-depth interviews, observations in the classroom and documentations were used. Next, the findings were being analyzed to discover the criteria and themes in identifying the HOTS teaching and learning process as used by both the research participants in their process of writing an argumentative essay. The findings revealed that debating is a method used the debate as a way of implementing the use of HOTS teaching and learning process in the writing of an argumentative essay. All in all, the debating method has been proved to be able to attract and inspire the students to use the higher order thinking skills in constructing their arguments and in completing their writing assignments.

Key words: debate, HOTS, case study, argumentative essay, tools