TINJAUAN LITERATUR BERSISTEMATIK: PENGAPLIKASIAN ELEMEN KBAT DALAM PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA MELAYU BAGI MEMBENTUK KEMENJADIAN MURID TAHAP 2 SEKOLAH RENDAH (A Systematic Literature Review on the Implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Malay Language Teaching and Learning to Shape the Holistic Development of Level 2 Primary School Students)

Abstract

ABSTRAK:Kajian mengenai elemen kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) dalam konteks pendidikan semakin giat dijalankan dalam kalangan sarjana penyelidik di negara Malaysia. Antara isu yang sering kali dikaitkan dengan elemen KBAT ialah berkenaan tahap pengamalan KBAT guru kepada murid, pemahaman KBAT dalam kalangan murid dan pengaplikasian KBAT dalam jawapan soalan ujian lebih-lebih lagi bagi subjek Bahasa Melayu. Namun begitu, aspek pengaplikasian KBAT khususnya dalam subjek Bahasa Melayu bagi membentuk kemenjadian murid kurang ditekankan dalam kajian-kajian lepas. Kajian ini akan menumpukan terhadap kajian literatur bersistematik (Systematic Literature Review) berkaitan dengan KBAT dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) Bahasa Melayu yang dilihat mampu untuk membentuk kemenjadian murid khusus bagi murid Tahap 2 di sekolah rendah. Kajian SLR ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu dengan mengumpulkan analisis dapatan yang telah diperoleh dalam artikel-artikel yang dirujuk. Artikel tersebut dicari menggunakan pangkalan data Google Scholar, MyJurnal dan ERIC. Proses pemilihan artikel berdasarkan proses carta alir Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Hasil kajian memperlihatkan sebanyak 15 artikel telah dikenal pasti dan menepati kriteria pemilihan. Seterusnya, artikel-artikel tersebut akan dianalisis berkaitan dengan aspek permasalahan, reka bentuk, metodologi dan dapatan kajian lepas bagi menjawab tujuan kajian SLR ini dijalankan: iaitu (i)menganalisis pemahaman dan pemilihan strategi KBAT yang diaplikasikan dalam PdP (ii)meneroka cabaran pelaksanaan KBAT yang diaplikasikan dalam PdP dan (iii)meneroka penerimaan dan penguasaan murid terhadap pengaplikasian KBAT dalam PdP. Dapatan yang diperoleh daripada SLR ini mendapati bahawa pemahaman dan pendekatan guru akan membawa kepada pengaplikasian KBAT. Cabaran yang timbul dalam melaksanakan KBAT pula ialah kekangan masa dan inovasi. Penerimaan dan penguasaan murid terhadap KBAT jelas terhasil dalam kemahiran menulis murid apabila KBAT dipupuk dalam pembelajaran. Oleh itu, kajian berkenaan kemenjadian murid khususnya murid Tahap 2 di sekolah rendah wajar untuk dikaji dan diluaskan pada masa akan datang.

Kata Kunci: Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi; Pembelajaran dan Pengajaran Bahasa Melayu; Sekolah Rendah; Kemenjadian Murid; Tahap 2

ABSTRACT: Studies on elements of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in the context of education are increasingly being conducted by academic researchers in Malaysia. Among the common issues often associated with HOTS are the level of teachers’ practice of HOTS with students, students’ understanding of HOTS, and the application of HOTS in answering test questions, particularly in the Malay Language subject. However, the aspect of HOTS application, especially in the Malay Language subject as a means to shape students’ holistic development, has received less emphasis in previous studies. This study focuses on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) related to HOTS in the teaching and learning (T&L) of the Malay Language, which is seen as capable of shaping the development of students, particularly among Level 2 pupils in primary schools. The SLR uses a qualitative approach by compiling and analyzing findings obtained from reviewed articles. These articles were sourced from the Google Scholar, MyJurnal and  ERIC databases. The article selection process is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart process. The results of the study showed that 15 articles had been identified and met the selection criteria. The articles are then analyzed based on aspects such as issues, research design, methodology, and previous findings to answer the objectives of this SLR, which are: (i) to analyze the understanding and selection of HOTS strategies applied in T&L; (ii) to explore the challenges of implementing HOTS in T&L; and (iii) to explore students' acceptance and mastery of HOTS in T&L. The findings obtained from this SLR indicate that teachers' understanding and approach lead to the effective application of HOTS. The challenges in implementing HOTS include time constraints and lack of innovation. Students’ acceptance and mastery of HOTS are clearly reflected in their writing skills when HOTS is nurtured in learning. Therefore, further research on the holistic development of students, particularly Level 2 primary school pupils, is necessary and should be expanded in the future.

Keywords: Higher Order Thinking Skills; Teaching and Learning Malay Language; Primary School; Student Holistic Development; Level 2