QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON WORKMANSHIP FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING

Siti Rashidah Hanum Abd Wahab, Nadhrah Aina Roz Foad, Emma Marinie Ahmad Zawawi, Anis Rosniza Nizam Akhbar

Abstract


In 2011, 235 ill projects were detected, with 191 sick projects being reported in 2013 (Jatarona, Yusof, Ismail, Saar, 2016). Nonconformance to stated specifications is used to discover a lack of quality because of poor construction quality management (Sisay, 2019). Other than that, poor communication can also indirectly lead to dissatisfying results of the quality of the products and the worst part is not meeting the specified standard. In the construction sector, poor communication has a variety of repercussions and consequences, including cost overruns, time overruns, disputes, and project failure. It has been demonstrated that ineffective communications lead to ineffective results (Gamil and Rahman, 2017). The objective of this research is to identify the quality control management towards workmanship in constructing high-rise buildings. A portal survey using questionnaires was distributed amongst 100 construction professionals in Johor Bahru. Only 50 of them responded (response rate of 50%). The questionnaire inquired about the subjects’ background and reasons why quality control management towards workmanship is still lacking and unclearly defined. The data of respondents were analyzed using SPSS to determine the mean and standard deviations. The respondents were Project Manager with 8.2%, Quality Assurance and Quality Control and Site Engineer with 10.2%, Site Clerk with 24.4%, Inspector of Work with 19.4%, Site Supervisor 13.2%, Procurement Assistant with 6%, and Contractor with 2%. The most popular reasons for poor quality management towards workmanship are the majority of contractors had trouble upholding quality standards throughout the construction process due to unskilled labour, inappropriate tools, and supplies, and a lack of project management might result in subpar quality control of the work.


Keywords


quality control on workmanship, quality management performance; strategy planning; strategy implementation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aziz, A. (2021, October 07). ‘Edgeprop’: 79 abandoned housing projects currently, says Reezal Merican. The Edge Markets. https://www.edgeprop.my/content/1900255/79-abandoned-housing-projects-currently-says-reezal-merican

Mitra, A. (2016). Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement. Auburn, Alabama: John Wiley & Sons.

Arabian Business. (2021, November 02). ‘Azizi Developments’: Our quality sets us apart from other developers. Expo 2020 Leaders List. https://www.arabianbusiness.com/470457-azizi-developments-our-quality-sets-us-apart-from-other-developers

Constro Facilitator. (2020, May 15). High rise building – An Analysis of development, types, and importance. ConstroFacilitator. Retrieved November 4, 2021, from https://www.constrofacilitator.com/high-rise-building-an-analysis-of-development-types-and-importance/

Diesel, T. (2020, June 28). How are Low, Mid, and High Rise Buildings Classified. Diesel Commercial Group. Retrieved November 4, 2021, from https://dieselcommercialgroup.com/how-are-low-mid-and-high-rise-buildings-classified/

Subramaniam, N., Omar, R., Sarpin, N., & Nawi, M. N. M. (2019). Effectiveness of Quality Assessment in Construction Project. Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol, 8(6), 987. Retrieved July 18, 2021, from http://download.garuda.ristekdikti.go.id/article.php?article

Thong, M. P. (2016). A Study on Quality Management System (QMS) Applied in Construction Project (Doctoral dissertation, UTAR). Retrieved July 18, 2021, from http://eprints.utar.edu.my/2309/1/CM-2016-1307394-1.pdf

Mohammad, M. Z., Viana, M., & Raghib, A. T. (2019). Benefits and implications of the different types of quality management in the Malaysian construction industry. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 650, No. 1, p. 012008). IOP Publishing. Retrieved July 18, 2021, from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/650/1/012008/pdf

Jatarona, N. A., Yusof, A. M., Ismail, S., & Saar, C. C. (2016). Public construction projects performance in Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Research, 2016, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5171/2016.940838

Gamil, Y., & Abdul Rahman, I. (2018). Identification of Causes and Effects of Poor Communication in Construction Industry: A Theoretical Review. Emerging Science Journal, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.28991/ijse-01121

(2021, May 13). Poor Workmanship Leads to Construction Defects. Cotney Attorneys & Consultants -. https://www.cotneycl.com/poor-workmanship-leads-to-construction-defects/

Thamilarasu, V., Rajprasad, J., & Ram Prasanna Pavan, T. (2017). A case study on requirements of quality workmanship in construction projects. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 7.

Quality workmanship — a balancing act of safety, standards, and liabilities. (2020, June 20). The Edge Markets. https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/quality-workmanship-%E2%80%94-balancing-act-safety-standards-and-liabilities

Law, P. S. A. (2019, April 25). The “Good Workmanship” Standard | Fort Lauderdale Construction Law Attorney. Sweeney Law, P.A. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://www.sweeneylawpa.com/the-good-workmanship-standard/

LLC Properties. (n.d.). LLC Properties. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://www.llc-prop.com/about_quality.php

Voskresenskaya, E., Snetkov, V., & Tebryaev, A. (2018). Current-day matters of administration and law in the field of high-rise construction. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 33, p. 03051). EDP Sciences.

Zainal, R., Al-Tawil, Y. M., Kasim, N., Musa, S. M. S., & Mohammed, M. (2019). Success Factor for Project Management on High Rise Building Project. Journal of Technology Management and Business, 6(3).

All Answers Ltd. (2021, August 12). Quality Assessment System in Construction. Ukessays.Com. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/construction/quality-assessment-system-in-construction-industry-construction-essay.php

QLASSIC: Benchmarking Construction Quality for Building Projects – Sysnovate Solutions. (n.d.). Sysnovate Management and Lean-Agile Consultants. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from http://www.sysnovate.com.my/qlassic-benchmarking-construction-quality-for-building-projects/

Mishra, G. (2018a, August 3). Quality in Construction Industry -Objectives, Factors Affecting Quality. The Constructor. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from https://theconstructor.org/construction/quality-construction-objectives-factors-affecting/707/

Thomas, E., Ellis, G., Ellis, G., & Ellis, G. (2019, April 10). 10 Factors That Affect Construction Quality Management–And How to Address Them. PlanGrid Construction Productivity Blog. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from https://blog.plangrid.com/2019/04/construction-quality-management/?doing_wp_cron=1639225068.0764820575714111328125

Calabrese, P. (2021, December 8). Can You Sue for Poor Workmanship? | Calabrese Law. Calabrese Law Associates. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.calalaw.com/blog/sue-poor-workmanship/

A. (2021, May 13). Poor Workmanship Leads to Construction Defects. Cotney Attorneys & Consultants -. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.cotneycl.com/poor-workmanship-leads-to-construction-defects/

Pmp, P. (2017, April 17). Impact of Poor Quality on your Project. Simplilearn.Com. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.simplilearn.com/poor-quality-impact-on-your-project-article

Benarroche, A. (2021, February 3). Defects in Construction: How to Identify and Avoid Them. Level set. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.levelset.com/blog/construction-defects/

Theuri, P. (2021, October 21). Construction: Crackdown looms on poor workmanship. The Standard. https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/real-estate/article/2001426817/construction-crackdown-looms-on-poor-workmanship

Ramon, O. (2021, December 12). How corruption, and regulatory failure fuel Nigeria's tragic building collapses (2). Punch Newspapers. https://punchng.com/how-corruption-regulatory-failure-fuel-nigerias-tragic-building-collapses-2/

Ellis, G. (2021, May 28). Construction Quality Management 101. Digital Builder. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://constructionblog.autodesk.com/construction-quality-management/

Ahmed, S., & Hoque, I. (2018). Investigation of the causes of accidents in construction projects. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 8, 67-89.

Burer, C. (2016). Workmanship In Construction Of Small And Medium Hospitality Enterprises In Nairobi Central Business District (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).

Vulcan, N. (2017, November 21). The Definition of a Good Worker & Workmanship. Work - Chron.Com. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://work.chron.com/definition-good-worker-workmanship-20017.html

What is an Unskilled Worker? HR Definitions & Examples. (2016, August 9). MightyRecruiter. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://www.mightyrecruiter.com/recruiter-guide/hiring-glossary-a-to-z/unskilled-worker/

KAGAN, J. (2021, March 31). Unskilled Labor Definition. Investopedia. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/unskilled-labor.asp

Tandon, R. (2020, July 10). Who is Unskilled? Times of India Blog. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/who-is-unskilled/

Riddell, T. (2021, August 19). Construction Project Management: 13 Interview Questions to Ask | eSUB. ESUB Construction Software. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://esub.com/construction-project-management-software-blog/unskilled-semi-skilled-skilled-labor-defined/

Mandal, C. K. (2018, May 2). Unskilled workers dominate Nepali labour force abroad. The Kathmandu Post. https://kathmandupost.com/valley/2018/05/02/unskilled-workers-dominate-nepali-labour-force-abroad

Ghatwai, M. (2020, May 23). MP starts a campaign to employ unskilled workers in rural areas. The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mp-starts-campaign-to-employ-unskilled-workers-in-rural-areas-6423214/

Japan firms welcome skilled foreign workers, frown at unskilled labourers: Poll. (2018, August 20). The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/japan-firms-welcome-skilled-foreign-workers-frown-at-unskilled-labourers-poll

Amo, T. (2019, March 6). The Negative Effects of a Lack of Training in the Workplace. Small Business - Chron.Com. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-effects-lack-training-workplace-45171.html

Naoum, S. G. (2016). Factors influencing labor productivity on construction sites. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 65(3), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-03-2015-0045

Hussain, S., Xuetong, W., & Hussain, T. (2020). Impact of Skilled and Unskilled Labor on Project Performance Using Structural Equation Modeling Approach. SAGE Open, 10(1), 2158244020914590.

Sovereign - The impact of the skilled labour shortage. (n.d.). Sovereign Insurance. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://www.sovereigninsurance.ca/advice-and-tools/hot-topics/the-impact-of-the-skilled-labour-shortage

Zannah, A. A., Latiffi, A. A., Raji, A. U., Waziri, A. A., & Mohammed, U. (2017). Causes of Low-Skilled Workers’ Performance in Construction Projects. Path of Science, 3(6), 4.1-4.15. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.23-7

Cohen, M. (2021, July 17). The biggest job wage boom post-pandemic is blue collar, but will it last for workers? CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/17/why-the-biggest-job-wage-boom-is-blue-collar-.html

Murali, V. (n.d.). GRIN - Recruiting Unskilled Labor. A Specific Issue in the Manufacturing Industry. Grin. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://www.grin.com/document/356430

Stromme, M. H. (2020, January 1). Material handling hazards. 2020–01-01 | ISHN. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://www.ishn.com/articles/112055-material-handling-hazards

Firm, J. L. (2021, September 8). Defective or Poorly Maintained Equipment and Construction Accidents. Joye Law Firm. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://www.joyelawfirm.com/accidents/construction-accident-lawyer/common-causes/defective-or-poorly-maintained-equipment/

Dangerous / Unsafe / Defective Equipment. (n.d.). Fort Myers Construction Accident Lawyer. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://www.blslawyers.com/dangerous-unsafe-defective-equipment.html

Safeopedia. (2019, May 15). Equipment Failure. Safeopedia.Com. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://www.safeopedia.com/definition/184/equipment-failure

Anupoju, S. (2018, November 16). Defects in Concrete Structures – Types Causes, Prevention. The Constructor. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://theconstructor.org/concrete/concrete-defects-types-causes-prevention/8581/

Zumili, A.Z.A. (2020, December 25). A research paper on Identifying The Main Factors Affecting Quality in Construction Industry. Linked In. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/research-paper-identifying-main-factors-affecting-al-zumili-

Rahman, M. M., Yap, Y. H., Ramli, N. R., Dullah, M. A., & Shamsuddin, M. S. W. (2017, November). Causes of shortage and delay in material supply: a preliminary study. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 271, No. 1, p. 012037). IOP Publishing.

Iqbal, J. (2021, August 27). 5 Consequences of Poor Project Management - Things to Avoid. Master of Project Academy Blog. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://blog.masterofproject.com/consequences-of-poor-project-management/

Aston, B. (2021, September 21). Why Is Project Management So Important To An Organization? The Digital Project Manager. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://thedigitalprojectmanager.com/why-is-project-management-important/

Patel, R. (2020, November 5). 10 Factors that Affect Construction Quality Management. Digi QC. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.digiqc.com/blog/10-factors-that-affect-construction-quality-management

Tramontana, D. (2018, November 15). The Top Risks of Not Having a Quality Management System. QAD Blog. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.qad.com/blog/2018/11/the-top-risks-of-not-having-a-quality-management-system

Ray, S. (2018, May 9). Project Quality Management – A Quick Guide. ProjectManager.Com. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/project-quality-management-quick-guide

Jones, K. (2021, July 30). 5 Reasons Construction Projects Fail. Constructconnect. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.constructconnect.com/blog/5-reasons-construction-projects-fail

E. (2020, March 3). What is a Construction Drawing? First In Architecture. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/what-is-a-construction-drawing/

Types of Construction Drawings. (n.d.). Indeed Career Guide. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/construction-drawings

B. (2021, June 2). Importance of Construction Drawing to develop a Building. BluEntCAD. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.bluentcad.com/blog/why-is-construction-drawing-important-to-develop-a-building/

M. (2021, May 12). 10 Major Types of Construction Drawings Used in Building Construction. Monarch Innovation Pvt Ltd. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.monarch-innovation.com/types-of-construction-drawings-used-in-building-construction/

Mahajan, B. (2021, June 2). What types of drawings are used in construction? Civiconcepts. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://civiconcepts.com/blog/construction-drawings

Borson, B. (2020, March 16). 045: Documenting Architecture | Life of an Architect. Life of an Architect -. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.lifeofanarchitect.com/045-documenting-architecture/

Team, D. (2018, December 13). Types Of Drawings Used In Building Construction. DAILY CIVIL. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://dailycivil.com/types-drawings-used-building-construction/

Unified Compliance. (2021, April 21). What is an Authority Document? Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.unifiedcompliance.com/education/what-is-an-authority-document/

aathaworld. (2021, July 9). Construction Authorities ǀ Functions ǀ Stages & Procedures. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.aathaworld.com/single-post/construction-authorities-functions-stages-procedures

Regulation. Compliance. Conformity. - Building & Construction Authority. (n.d.). Building and Construction Authority. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://bca.org.mt/

Lim, S., Abdul Malek, J., & Tahir, Z. (2017). UNDERSTANDING LOCAL AUTHORITY PERFORMANCE THROUGH ROLE THEORY. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 15. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v15i4.323

Yusup, M., Ishak, N. S. A., Arshad, A. F., & Abdullah, Y. A. (2016). Local Authority Empowerment towards Quality Living Environment for Coastal Reclamation Area. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 66, p. 00037). EDP Sciences.

Singh, R. (2021, March 9). How to Write Project Specifications? Examples & Template. Appvizer.Com. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.appvizer.com/magazine/operations/project-management/project-specification

Wojdon, B. (2021, March 23). Why is the project`s technical specification important? Codenest Knowledge Center. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://codenest.co/knowledge-center/why-is-projects-technical-specification-important/

Poudel, K. (2021, December 13). Why do You Need a Great Specification for Your Project? Medium. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://medium.com/truemark/why-you-need-a-great-specification-for-your-project-3c0149385abd

Quality Requirements Template. (2021, December 7). MyPM. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.mypmllc.com/project-management-resources/free-project-management-templates/quality-requirements/#:%7E:text=A%20quality%20requirement%20refers%20to,cap

Quality Requirement. (2018b, January 29). Project Management Knowledge. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://project-management-knowledge.com/definitions/q/quality-requirement/

Spacey, J. (2017, August 13). 11 Examples of Quality Requirements. Simplicable. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://simplicable.com/new/quality-requirements

Brooks, B. (2020, November 6). Understanding the Importance of Quality Standards. QAD Blog. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.qad.com/blog/2020/02/understanding-the-importance-of-quality-standards

ways to maintain consistent project quality. (n.d.). Hydra. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.hydra.cloud/en/resources/blog/10-ways-to-maintain-consistent-project-quality

Hall, H. (2019, December 17). 7 Ways to Improve Project Quality. Project Risk Coach. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://projectriskcoach.com/improve-project-quality/

F. (2017, March 17). Why is Hiring The Right Person Essential? Morris Bixby. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.morrisbixby.com/2017/03/17/hiring-right-person-essential/

Heathfield, S. M. (2021, February 20). 10 Best Ways to Ensure You Find the Right Person for Your Job Opening. The Balance Careers. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/top-tips-for-hiring-the-right-employee-1918964

M. (2016, September 9). 5 Tips for Hiring the Right Construction Employees. Construction World. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from http://www.constructionworld.org/tips-hiring-right-construction-employees/

Global Solidarity Group. (2021, November 8). How to Ensure Construction Quality. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://www.globalsolidaritygroup.org/ensure-quality-on-your-construction-project/

Frost, S. (2018, July 1). How to Monitor Project Progress. Work - Chron.Com. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://work.chron.com/monitor-project-progress-3352.html

A. (n.d.). Project Monitoring & Evaluation Techniques | Sapling. Sapling. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://www.sapling.com/8419743/project-monitoring-evaluation-techniques

E. (2021, January 18). How to Create a Daily Report: Daily Reporting for Construction. Raken App. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://www.rakenapp.com/blog/create-a-construction-daily-report-example

Agrawal, A. (2018, March 7). List of Quality Tests in Building Construction. Linkedin. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/list-quality-tests-building-construction-amit-agrawal

UTS of Massachusetts - Home > Home > Why is Testing Important? (n.d.). UTSofMass. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://utsofmass.com/Home/Why-is-Testing-Important

Onsite Testing Services - Building Products. (n.d.). Lucideon. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://www.lucideon.com/construction/facilities-management/on-site-testing

Banerjee, S. (2020, January 1). Why Soil Testing is important before Construction? Shyam Steel Industries Ltd. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://shyamsteel.com/blogs/why-soil-testing-is-important-before-construction/

Magazine, E. T.-E. (2021, October 5). Why Is Soil Testing So Important In Construction? Emagazine.Com. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://emagazine.com/why-is-soil-testing-so-important-in-construction/

Banton, C. (2021, October 30). Raw Materials Definition and Accounting. Investopedia. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rawmaterials.asp

The Importance of Effectively Managing Raw Materials Inventory. (2019, March 5). Plex DemandCaster. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://www.demandcaster.com/blog/the-importance-of-effectively-managing-raw-materials-inventory/

What is Material Management? (Definition, Types and Examples). (n.d.). TWI. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-material-management

Definition of Research. (n.d.). Western Sydney University. Retrieved January 11, 2022, from https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/research/researchers/preparing_a_grant_application/dest_definition_of_research

F. (2021, November 27). The Purpose Of Research And Its Characteristics. ForeignAdmits. Retrieved January 11, 2022, from https://blog.foreignadmits.com/the-purpose-of-research-and-its-characteristics/

Shuttleworth, M., Wilson, L. T., Shuttleworth, M., & Wilson, L. T. (n.d.). Definition of Research. Explorable. Retrieved January 11, 2022, from https://explorable.com/definition-of-research

iEduNote.com. (2021, February 2). Research: Definition, Characteristics, Goals, Approaches. IEduNote. Retrieved January 11, 2022, from https://www.iedunote.com/research-definition-characteristics-goals-approaches

F. (2020, July 1). What is Research – Definition, Types, Methods & Examples. Projects4MBA. Retrieved January 11, 2022, from https://www.projects4mba.com/what-is-research/1473/

Davis, B. (2020, August 25). What are the 4 purposes of research? – MVOrganizing. MV Organizing. Retrieved January 11, 2022, from https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-are-the-4-purposes-of-research/

Wilcox, M. (2021, May 14). What is the primary purpose of research? Colors New York. Retrieved January 11, 2022, from https://colors-newyork.com/what-is-the-primary-purpose-of-research/

Chaudhari, A. (2021, October 20). Research Design - Choose a framework for your study with Voxco's Research Design. Voxco. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.voxco.com/blog/research-design/

Chetty, P. (2020, April 23). Importance of research approach in research. Project Guru. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.projectguru.in/selecting-research-approach-business-studies/

What is the research methodology? (n.d.). Paperpile. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://paperpile.com/g/what-is-research-methodology/

Williams, C. (2007). Research methods. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 5(3).

Statistical data analysis and research methods BMI 504 Course 20048 – Spring 2019 Class. (n.d.). Slide to Doc. Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://slidetodoc.com/statistical-data-analysis-and-research-methods-bmi-504-13/

Blog, F. (2019, July 23). 7 Data Collection Methods & Tools For Research. Formplus Blog. Retrieved January 18, 2022, from https://www.formpl.us/blog/data-collection-method

McLaughlin, E. (2020, October 14). data collection. SearchCIO. Retrieved January 18, 2022, from https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/data-collection

Reddy, K. (2020, June 26). What is an Interview: Definition, Objectives, Types & Guidelines. WiseStep. Retrieved January 18, 2022, from https://content.wisestep.com/what-is-an-interview/

iEduNote.com. (2021, May 30). Interview: Definition, Types of Interview. IEduNote. Retrieved January 18, 2022, from https://www.iedunote.com/interview

Knox, Sarah; Burkard, Alan W. (2009). Qualitative research interviews. Psychotherapy Research, 19(4-5), 566–575. doi:10.1080/10503300802702105

Hox, J. J., & Boeije, H. R. (2005). Data collection, primary versus secondary. Retrieved 16/1/2022 from https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-369398-5/00041-4

Nugraha, A. P. (2015, February 27). ANALYZING PATTERNS OF CLASSROOM INTERACTION: A Case Study in an EFL Class of a Senior High School in Bandung - UPI Repository. Perpustakaan.Upi.Edu. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from http://repository.upi.edu/22400/

Pollock, T. (2019, June 13). The Difference Between Structured, Unstructured & Semi-Structured Interviews. Oliver Parks Consulting LLC - Technology Sector Recruitment Experts. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://www.oliverparks.com/blog-news/the-difference-between-structured-unstructured-amp-semi-structured

Literature review. (2021, September 10). The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://www.ed.ac.uk/institute-academic-development/study-hub/learning-resources/literature-review

Sachdev, R. (2021, August 16). How to write the literature review of your research paper. Editage Insights. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://www.editage.com/insights/how-to-write-the-literature-review-of-your-research-paper

LibGuides: Literature Reviews: What is a Literature Review? (2021, August 26). Library and Learning Commons. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://bowvalleycollege.libguides.com/literature-reviews

Ramdhani, A., Ramdhani, M. A., & Amin, A. S. (2014). Writing a Literature Review Research Paper: A step-by-step approach. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 3(1), 47-56.

Snyder, Hannah (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104(), 333–339. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Contextual Analysis: Its Definition, Goals, and Methods. (2021, September 1). HelpfulPapers Blog. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://helpfulpapers.com/blog/contextual-analysis-its-definition-goals-and-methods/

Vascellari, A. (2014, January 16). Context Analysis - What? Why? How? AndreaVascellari.Com. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from http://www.andreavascellari.com/2014/01/context-analysis/

Falkingham, L. T., & Reeves, R. (1998). Context analysis—A technique for analyzing research in a field, applied to the literature on the management of R&D at the section level. Scientometrics, 42(2), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02458351

Rambaree, K. (2014). Three methods of qualitative data analysis using ATLAS. ti:‘A Posse Ad Esse’. https://doi. org/10.14279/deposit once-4848.

Bhat, A. (2022, April 12). Questionnaires: The ultimate guide, advantages & examples. QuestionPro. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/what-is-a-questionnaire/

Mcleod, S. (2018, February 2). Questionnaire: Definition, Examples, Design, and Types. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/questionnaires.html


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.