Analisis Kos Faedah dalam Kerangka Pembuat Keputusan bagi Pengurusan Tebatan Banjir

NOOR AIDA SAAD, ZURIYATI YUSOF, SITI MULTAZIMAH MOHAMAD FAUDZI, HERNI HALIM

Abstract


Banjir di kawasan sosioekonomi menyebabkan kerosakan besar kepada infrastruktur, menjejaskan sumber pendapatan masyarakat serta memberi beban jangka panjang terhadap alam sekitar dan kewangan. Langkah tebatan banjir secara konvensional memerlukan pelaburan awam yang tinggi; oleh itu pendekatan yang sistematik dan telus diperlukan bagi memastikan pengagihan sumber yang terhad dapat dilaksanakan secara optimum. Kajian ini membentangkan satu kerangka pembuatan keputusan bersepadu bagi pengurusan tebatan banjir berasaskan Analisis Kos-Faedah (Cost-Benefit Analysis, CBA) dengan menggabungkan pemodelan hidrodinamik dan penilaian ekonomi bagi menyokong perancangan pelaburan. Peta bahaya banjir dan senario mitigasi dibangunkan melalui simulasi hidrodinamik untuk mengenal pasti keluasan dan kedalaman banjir serta kerosakan berkaitan. Output fizikal kemudiannya diterjemahkan kepada nilai monetari untuk menganggar faedah langsung dan tidak langsung seperti pengurangan kerugian, peningkatan sosioekonomi dan penambahbaikan alam sekitar. Nilai tersebut dibandingkan dengan kos modal serta kos operasi dan penyelenggaraan bagi menentukan petunjuk ekonomi utama seperti Nisbah Faedah-Kos. Kerangka ini membolehkan keutamaan langkah mitigasi ditentukan berdasarkan prestasi teknikal dan kecekapan ekonomi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa projek yang mempunyai faedah melebihi kos menyumbang kepada kesejahteraan masyarakat dan daya tahan ekonomi. Pendekatan bersepadu ini menyokong perancangan strategik dan keputusan pelaburan yang optimum ke arah ketahanan banjir jangka panjang.


Keywords


Analisis kos-faedah; kerangka pembuat keputusan; mitigasi banjir; pemodelan hidrodinamik; pengurusan tebatan banjir; penilaian ekonomi

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