PARENTS' ETHNIC SOCIALIZATION PRACTICE ON ETHNIC IDENTITY AND SELF-EFFICACY AMONG INDIAN STUDENTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL IN ULU KLANG ZONE

Charles Ganaprakasam, Norliza Abdul Majid

Abstract


This study was aimed to identify the effect of ethnic socialization on ethnic identity and self-efficacy among Secondary School Indian students in Ulu Klang Zone. The study also examines the demographic variable namely parent’s socioeconomic status on self-efficacy. Quantitative approaches with survey design were used for this study. A number of nineteenth seven form three, form four, and form five students from a secondary school in Ulu Klang Zone were chosen using convenience sampling methods as studied subjects. The modified version of Multi group Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), The Familial Ethnic Socialization Measure (FESM) and Self-efficacy for Self-regulated Learning Measure were used in this study. The findings showed that parents' ethnic socialization practice was a strong predictor of ethnic identity development and self-efficacy of Indian student of secondary school. The result also showed that ethnic identity and parents socioeconomic status was a strong predictor of self-efficacy of secondary school Indian student. As a conclusion, ethnic socialization has greater effect on ethnic identity and self-efficacy. The study implicates that parents practice of ethnic socialization able to enhance the healthy development psychologically and academically among secondary school Indian students.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Babbit, L. G., & Sommers, S.R. (2011). Framing matters: Contextual influences on interracial interaction outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1233-1244.

Chin Yee Mun. (2013). Ethnic Socialization: A case of Malaysian Malay and Chinese public Universities students experience. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol.3, No.6.

Chua Bee Seok, Jasmine Adela Mutang , Nur Faharna Adillah Aftar, Shazia Iqbal, Lailawati Madlan & Rosnah Ismail. (2013). Parents’ Ethnic Socialization Practices In Shaping Ethnic Identity And Self-Esteem Of Multi-Etnic Children In Malaysia. European Journal of Educational and Development Psychology Vol.1, No. 1, pp.1-9, September 2013

Cicely Walker & Brantley. (2014). The Relationship Between Early Familial Racial/Ethnic Socialization and Academic Outcomes of African American Students and the Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy: A Longitudinal Analysis. Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations Florida State University Libraries The Graduate School.

Cook, J.L., & Cook, G. (2014). The world of children (3rd ed.). Boston, MA; Allyn & Bacon.

Denada Hoxha. (2010). Examining Racial Ethnic Socialization, Ethnic Identity Development, and Their Psychological Correlates in a Sample of Ethnically Diverse Youth. Dissertations. Paper 94. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/94

Helen Ting. (2012). Interethnic Relations in Malaysian Campuses: A Historical Review. Malaysian Journal of ChineseStudies,2012,1:60-84. Retrieved from https://www.newera.edu.my/files/mces/MalaysianJournal/MJ1_p4.pdf.

Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E., Johnson, D., Stevenson, H., Spicer, P., & García Coll, C. (2006). Parents' ethnic–racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 747-770. DOI: 10.1037/0012- 1649.42.5.747

Hwok-Aun Lee & Muhammad Abdul Khalid. (2015). Discrimination of high degrees: race and graduate hiring in Malaysia. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy Volume 21, 2016 - Issue 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2015.1055948

Judith Parker. (2016). Racial Socialization and African American Students' Academic Motivation and Self-Efficacy and Likelihood Attending Graduate School. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies.

Khris-Ann K. Small.(2016). The Association of Ethnic-Racial Socialization with Ethnic-Racial Identity in Black Youth: A MetaAnalysis. Master's Theses. 1031. http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1031.

Kiang, L., Yip, T., Gonzales-Backen, M., Witkow, M., & Fuligni, A. J. (2006). Ethnic identity and the daily psychological well-being of adolescents from Mexican and Chinese backgrounds. Child Development, 77, 1338–1350.

Mansor, M.N. (2012). Social composition and thinning of ethnic boundaries. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

N. M. Noor. (2007). Polarization and Inequality in Malaysia: The Future of Malay-Chinese Relations. Intellectual Discourse, vol. 15 pp 191-204, 2007.

Perry & McConney.(2010). School socio-economic composition and student outcomes in Australia: Implications for educational policy. Australian Journal of Education: Vol. 54 : Iss.1,Article5.

Reinhard, Christine M. (2010). Effects of Peer & Familial Ethnic Socialization on Processes of Ethnic Identity Development in Mexican Descent Adolescents. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 542.

Saad, S. (2012). Re-building the Concept of Nation Building in Malaysia . Re-building the Concept of Nation Building in Malaysia , 8(4), 115-123. doi:10.5539/ass.v8n4p115.

Schwartz, S. J., & Zamboanga, B. L. (2008). Testing Berry’s model of acculturation: A confirmatory latent class approach. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(4), 275–285.

Scott, J. A., Taylor, K. K., & Palmer, R. T. (2013). Challenges to success in higher education: An examination of educational challenges from the voices of college-bound black males. Journal of Negro Education, 82(3), 288-299.

Shamsul, A.B. (2012). Unity in diversity-unity in Malaysia as a work in progress. Eminant Professor Leadership Lecture Series. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Tran, A., & Lee, R. (2010). Perceived ethnic-racial socialization, ethnic identity, and social competence among Asian American late adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16, 169- 178. doi:10.1037/a0016400


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


DISCLAIMER

The editors and publisher of Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia have made every possible effort to verify the accuracy of all information contained in this publication. Any opinions, discussions, views and recommendations expressed in the article are solely those of the authors and are not of Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, its editors or its publisher. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, its editors and its publisher will not be liable for any direct, indirect, consequential, special, exemplary, or other damages arising therefrom.