FAKTOR DAN KESAN KECICIRAN MURID SEKOLAH RENDAH DALAM MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MELAYU: SATU SOROTAN LITERATUR BERSISTEMATIK (Factors and Effects of Primary School Student Dropout in Malay Language Subject: A Systematic Literature Review)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Bahasa Melayu merupakan bahasa rasmi dalam konteks pendidikan di Malaysia. Semua murid di Malaysia perlu menguasai kemahiran asas 3M iaitu membaca, menulis dan mengira. Namun, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia mendapati bahawa masih terdapat keciciran murid dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu khususnya penguasaan literasi asas bahasa Melayu. Isu mengenai kelemahan penguasaan 3M dalam kalangan murid khususnya bagi murid sekolah rendah adalah masalah lama yang semakin kritikal pada masa ini dan jika tidak diberi perhatian oleh semua pihak, sememangnya ia memberikan kesan yang tidak baik kepada kemenjadian murid saban hari. Oleh itu, kajian ini merupakan satu kajian Sorotan Literatur Sistematik (Systematic Literature Review-SLR) yang meneliti secara terperinci tentang isu keciciran murid dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu di peringkat sekolah rendah. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti faktor-faktor penyumbang kepada keciciran, menganalisis kesan keciciran murid serta memberi cadangan penambahbaikan dan intervensi dalam menangani masalah keciciran murid di sekolah rendah. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah menggunakan konsep gambar rajah aliran PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Review and Meta Analyses) dengan membuat carian di pangkalan data utama, iaitu Google Scholar, ResearchGate, serta laman web rasmi Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu dan Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan. Hasil daripada kajian ini, sejumlah 191 artikel telah dianalisis dan sebanyak 21 buah artikel telah menepati kriteria pemilihan tentang faktor, kesan dan cadangan penambahbaikan. Hasilnya antara faktor yang faktor utama penyumbang keciciran murid dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu di sekolah rendah termasuklah sikap, motivasi dan kesediaan murid serta peranan dan sokongan ibu bapa yang kurang memberansangkan. Isu keciciran murid juga dapat dilihat melalui faktor sosioekonomi murid serta faktor persekitaran pembelajaran. Pengaruh rakan sebaya juga sedikit sebanyak menjadi faktor penyumbang keciciran murid. Menjelang wabak COVID-19 yang melanda negara kita, perkara itu juga sudah menjadi faktor utama pada ketika itu, berlakunya isu keciciran murid khususnya dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu di sekolah rendah. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini mencadangkan kepelbagaian strategi pengajaran guru, penglibatan ibu bapa serta penyediaan kemudahan akses pendidikan sebagai antara strategi utama untuk menangani isu ini secara bersepadu. Diharapkan hasil kajian ini akan memberi sumbangan penting kepada pendidikan negara dalam usaha merapatkan jurang pendidikan dan mengurangkan risiko keciciran murid.

Kata kunci: Keciciran Murid, Bahasa Melayu, Sekolah Rendah, Faktor dan Kesan Keciciran Murid 

ABSTRACT: Malay is the official language in the Malaysian education system. All students in Malaysia are required to master the basic literacy and numeracy skills, commonly referred to as the 3R (reading, writing, and arithmetic). However, the Ministry of Education Malaysia has identified that student dropout, particularly in the Malay Language subject and literacy mastery, remains a pressing issue. The problem of inadequate mastery of the 3Rs among primary school students is long-standing and increasingly critical. Without proper attention from all stakeholders, this issue could negatively impact student development over time. The rising number of student dropouts each year is alarming, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has further impeded learning and increased dropout rates. Hence, this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that examines in detail the issue of student dropout in the Malay Language subject at the primary school level. The main objectives of this study are to identify the contributing factors of student dropout, analyze its impacts, and propose improvement measures and interventions to address this issue. The study employed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses) flow diagram approach and conducted database searches through Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and the official websites of the Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu and Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan. As a result of this study, a total of 191 articles were analyzed and 21 articles met the selection criteria regarding factors, effects and suggestions for improvement. The results showed that among the main factors contributing to student dropout in the Malay Language subject in primary schools include the attitude, motivation and readiness of students as well as the role and support of parents who are less encouraging. The issue of student dropout can also be seen through the socio-economic factors of students and factors of the learning environment. Peer influence is also to some extent a contributing factor to student dropout. In the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak that hit our country, this matter had also become a major factor at that time, the occurrence of student dropout issues, especially in the Malay Language subject in primary schools. Accordingly, this study recommends diverse teaching strategies, parental involvement, and equitable access to educational facilities as core strategies for addressing this issue holistically. It is hoped that the findings of this study will make a meaningful contribution to the national education agenda, particularly in narrowing educational gaps and reducing the risk of student dropout.

Keywords: Student Dropout, Malay Language, Primary School, Factors and Effects of Dropout