KAJIAN PELEPASAN BAU SISTEM EFLUEN KILANG SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN OLFAKTOMETER LAPANGAN DAN PANEL SKALA INTENSITI BAU

HERNI HALIM

Abstract


Bau daripada aktiviti kilang minyak sawit merupakan kebimbangan alam sekitar serius di Malaysia, khususnya di kolam efluen. Kajian ini meneliti Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) dari kolam anaerobik yang dikendalikan oleh kilang pemprosesan kelapa sawit berkaitan ciri-ciri penghasilan bau. Pengukuran parameter utama termasuk Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), kandungan ammonia, dan jumlah pepejal. Purata COD dicatatkan 26,110 mg/L, jauh melebihi piawaian Malaysia iaitu 80 mg/L (Standard A) dan 200 mg/L (Standard B). Kandungan ammonia purata ialah 95 mg/L, melebihi had piawaian 50 mg/L, manakala kandungan pepejal ialah 28,891 mg/L, menunjukkan potensi masalah bau. Kepekatan bau in-situ diukur menggunakan field olfactometer (SM100) dan panel skala intensiti bau VDI 3940, menunjukkan julat kepekatan bau antara 0 hingga 44 OU/m³. Perbezaan intensiti bau dikesan berdasarkan jarak, daripada lemah hingga sangat lemah. Hubungan antara kepekatan bau dan intensiti sederhana, dengan R² = 0.4794. Ammonia merupakan penyumbang utama pelepasan bau tetapi dipengaruhi oleh faktor persekitaran. Pemetaan impak bau menggunakan QGIS menunjukkan kepentingan jarak dan pembolehubah persekitaran. Penyelidikan ini menyerlahkan keperluan pendekatan holistik dalam pengurusan bau industri minyak sawit, mengintegrasikan alat analisis kimia, penilaian deria, dan data geografi. Pendekatan ini dapat mengurangkan impak alam sekitar POME, menyokong pematuhan keperluan alam sekitar, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan Masyarakat.


Keywords


intensiti bau, kepekatan bau, kolam Anaerobik, Olfactometer, pemetaan bau

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References


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