ANALISIS FAKTOR, KESAHAN DAN KEBOLEH PERCAYAAN INSTRUMEN INVENTORI STEREOTAIP MULTIETNIK MALAYSIA (ISMEM)(FACTOR ANALYSIS, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE MALAYSIAN MULTIETHNIC STEREOTYPE INVENTORY INSTRUMENT(ISMEM))

Jasmine Adela Mutang, Lailawati Madlan, Ferlis Bullare@Bahari, Chua Bee Seok

Abstract


Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen Inventori Stereotaip Multi Etnik Malaysia (ISMEM) menggunakan analisis faktor eksploratori (EFA). Fasa kualitatif menggunakan kaedah temu bual mendalam dan kaedah perbincangan kumpulan berfokus. Kaedah kualitatif adalah untuk meneroka konsep stereotaip dalam kalangan etnik. Fasa kuantitatif melibatkan pembentukan item berdasarkan tema dan kategori yang telah dibina daripada fasa kualitatif. Seramai 1,000 orang pelajar universiti terlibat dalam fasa kuantitatif.  Instrumen ISMEM telah membentuk dua komponen utama iaitu Anteseden Stereotaip dan Fenomena Stereotaip. Penilaian psikometrik ISMEM melibatkan i) pengujian kesahan konstruk Komponen Anteseden Stereotaip dan Komponen Fenomena Stereotaip; (ii) menentukan kesahan konvergen antara Komponen Anteseden Stereotaip dan Komponen Fenomena Stereotaip; (iii) menguji kebolehpercayaan pekali Cronbach Alpha Komponen Anteseden Stereotaip dan Komponen Fenomena Stereotaip dan (iv) meneliti kualiti item Komponen Anteseden Stereotaip dan Komponen Fenomena Stereotaip. Penilaian terhadap kesesuaian data untuk analisis faktor dilakukan dahulu sebelum penilaian psikometri dilakukan. Nilai korelasi (r≥.30) antara item bagi komponen anteseden stereotaip dan fenomena stereotaip mencadangkan pemfaktoran yang munasabah. Hasil pengujian kesahan konstruk seperti Ujian Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlettt’s Test of Sphereity, nilai komunaliti, nilai muatan faktor , nilai Eigen faktor dan peratusan varians pada kedua-dua Komponen Anteseden Stereotaip dan Komponen Fenomena Stereotaip adalah munasabah. Nilai kebolehpercayaan Cronbach Alpha bagi Komponen Anteseden Stereotaip (α = .897 -.933) dan Komponen Fenomena Stereotaip (α = .706 -.821) juga adalah baik. Oleh itu, hasil kajian mencadangkan bahawa instrumen ISMEM adalah alat ukur yang boleh dipercayai dan sah. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian lanjutan perlu dilakukan ke atas sampel lain untuk mengesahkan lagi instrumen.


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