PERBANDINGAN TINGKAH LAKU SOSIAL BERDASARKAN GENDER ANTARA GENERASI MUDA TINGGAL DI KAWASAN TERPINGGIR DAN ARUS PERDANA DI MALAYSIA (COMPARATIVE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR BASED ON GENDER BETWEEN MARGINALISED AND MAINSTREAM MILLENIALS IN MALAYSIA)

Fauziah Ibrahim, Juliana Rosmidah Jaafar, Sheau Tsuey Chong, Denise Choon Lian Koh

Abstract


Artikel ini disediakan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perbandingan tingkah laku sosial (masalah hubungan rakan sebaya, tingkah laku hiperaktif, tingkah laku prososial, gangguan tingah laku dan masalah emosi)  berdasarkan gender (lelaki dan perempuan) dalam kalangan generasi muda yang tinggal di kawasan terpinggir dan arus perdana. Rekabentuk kajian ini adalah secara kuantitatif dan pendekatan secara tinjauan keratan-lintang. Seramai 5,237 generasi muda (15-25 tahun) telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian. Responden dikategorikan berdasarkan kawasan tempat tinggal iaitu kawasan terpinggir dan arus perdana. Bagi analisis data, ujian-t telah digunakan. Kedua-dua kumpulan generasi muda ini dianalisis secara berasingan berdasarkan kawasan tempat tinggal mereka. Berdasarkan generasi muda yang tinggal di kawasan terpinggir, ujian-T menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara masalah hubungan rakan sebaya [t(3556)=1.62, p=.103] dan tingkah laku hiperaktif [t(3556)=1.46, p=.144] dengan gender.  Sebaliknya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujud perbezaan yang signifikan bagi gender terhadap tingkah laku prososial [t(3556)=4.85, p=.001], gangguan tingkah laku [t(3556)=4.83, p=.001] dan masalah emosi [t(3556)=3.00, p=.003]. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap generasi muda yang tinggal di kawasan arus perdana pula kajian menunjukkan bahawa masalah hubungan rakan sebaya [t(1667)=1.10, p=.270], tingkah laku hiperaktif [t(1667)=.66, p=.511] dan gangguan tingkah laku [t(1667)=.76, p=.449] tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan antara lelaki dan perempuan. Namun tingkah laku prososial [t(1667)=2.80, p=.005] dan masalah emosi [t(1667)=5.54, p=.001] dalam kalangan generasi muda yang tinggal di kawasan arus perdana menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan dengan gender. Hasil kajian memberi implikasi terhadap usaha pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dalam merangka program-program masa depan untuk memperkasa tingkah laku sosial dan meningkatkan pembangunan jati diri generasi muda berdasarkan gender sama ada yang tinggal di kawasan terpinggir mahupun arus perdana di Malaysia.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Babcock, Hartle & Lamme (1995). Prososial Behaviors of Five-Year-Old Children In Sixteen Leaming / Activity Centers. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 9: 113-127.

Bargh, J.A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of sosial behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Sosial Psychology,71 (2): 230-244.

Barkley, R.A. (2006). ADHD in adults: Developmental course and outcome of children with ADHD and ADHD in clinic-referred adults.

Baron, R. A., & Byrne, D. (1991). Sosial Psychology: Understanding Human Interactions. (6th Ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Becker, D. F., & Grilo, C. M. (2006). Prediction of drug and alcohol abuse in hospitalized adolescents: Comparisons by gender and substance type. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(10), 1431-1440.

Díaz, R., Goti, J., García, M., Gual, A., Serrano, L., González, L., & Castro-Fornieles, J. (2011). Patterns of substance use in adolescents attending a mental health department. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 20(6), 279-289.

Dishion, T. J., & Bullock, B. M. (2002). Parenting and adolescent problem behavior: An ecological analysis of the nurturance hypothesis. In J.G. Borkowski (Ed.), Parenting and your child’s world (pp. 231–250). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Fauziah Ibrahim, Sheau Tsuey Chong, Denise Koh Choon Lian, Juliana Rosmidah Jaafar. 2016. Perbandingan tingkah laku sosial berdasarkan kumpulan etnik dalam kalangan generasi muda terpinggir di Malaysia. Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 12: 28-38.

Fitzgerald, R. (2003). “An examination of sex differences in delinquency.” Crime and Justice Research Paper Series. No. 003. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-561-MIE. Ottawa.

Giordano, P. C. (2003). Relationships in adolescence. Annual Review of Sociology, 257-281.

Hairunnaja Najmuddin (2003). Memahami & membimbing remaja nakal. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd.

Halpern, D. F. (1992). Sex differences in cognitive abilities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 2nd edition

Jules, V. & Kutnick, P. (1997). Student perceptions of a good teacher: The gender perspective. British Journal of Educational Psychology 67: 497-511.

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2000). Perangkaan Pendidikan Malaysia 2000. KL: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

Khamis, V. (2015). Bullying among school-age children in the greater Beirut area: risk and protective factors. Child abuse & neglect, 39, 137-146.

Knopf, D., Park M.J., & Mulye T.P. (2008). The Mental Health of Adolescent: A National Profile. National Adolescent Health Information Center (NATIC)

Linda, D.C. (1994). Tingkah Laku Abnormal, dari Sudut Padang Perkembangan, Jakarta: Grasindo

Lindner P., Savic I., Sitnikov R., Budhiraja M., Liu,Y., Jokinen J., Tiihonen J., & Hodgins S. (2016). Conduct disorder in females is associated with reduced corpus callosum structural integrity independent of comorbid disorders and exposure to maltreatment. Translational Psychiatry. 19(6):714. doi: 10.1038/ tp.2015.216

Ma, C. Q., & Huebner, E. S. (2008). Attachment relationships and adolescents' life satisfaction: Some relationships matter more to girls than boys. Psychology in the Schools, 45(2), 177-190.

Malti, T., Keller, M., Gummerum, M., & Buchmann, M. (2009). Children's Moral Motivation, Sympathy, and Prososial Behavior. Child Development. 80(2):44-460.

Noriah Mohd. Ishak, Shaharuddin Ahmad, Kadderi Md. Desa, Rozlina Tan Abdullah. (2008). Kepintaran Emosi Sebagai Faktor Peramal Pencapaian Akademik Pelajar IPTA: Implikasi Terhadap Kebolehpasaran. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, Bil. 11 Jun 2008 (1 - 28)

Silver, L. (2001). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder dalam F. Kline, L. Silver, S. Russell (Eds.), The educators guide to medical issues in the classroom,143-158. Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing

Tinklin, T., Croxford, L. Frame, B., Ducklin, A. (2000). Gender and Pupil Performance in Scotland. Kertas Kerja. The European Conference on Educational Research, Edinburgh. Available online: http:www//leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001 663.htm

Weichold, K., Wiesner, M. F., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2014). Childhood predictors and mid-adolescent correlates of developmental trajectories of alcohol use among male and female youth. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(5), 698-716.

Weatherburn D. (2001). What causes crime? Contemporary issues in crime and justice no. 54, BOCSAR


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


DISCLAIMER

The editors and publisher of Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia have made every possible effort to verify the accuracy of all information contained in this publication. Any opinions, discussions, views and recommendations expressed in the article are solely those of the authors and are not of Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, its editors or its publisher. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, its editors and its publisher will not be liable for any direct, indirect, consequential, special, exemplary, or other damages arising therefrom.