Pengurusan Sisa Penjagaan Kesihatan Pesakit di Rumah oleh Penjaga bagi Pesakit yang Menghidap Penyakit Tidak Berjangkit: Ulasan Naratif

Home-Based Healthcare Waste Management for Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Introduction:

Healthcare waste management is crucial for protecting the environment and public health. In the context of caring for patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at home, the generation of hazardous waste such as sharps and infectious materials requires effective management to reduce the risk of contamination and infection. This narrative review aims to identify the types of waste generated, disposal practices, and challenges encountered in home-based healthcare waste management for NCD patients.

Methodology:

This study employed a narrative review approach by examining journal articles, case reports, and guidelines related to home-based healthcare waste management for NCD patients over the past ten years. Literature searches were conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Results:

Seven articles met the inclusion criteria through the conducted literature search. Findings indicate that the waste generated consists of sharps, infectious materials, and pharmaceutical waste. However, there is a lack of proper segregation and disposal practices by caregivers. Most caregivers disposed of clinical waste together with regular household waste, increasing health risks.

Discussion:

Differences in home-based healthcare waste management practices are influenced by a country’s economic status. A lack of knowledge, specific guidelines, and monitoring mechanisms for home healthcare waste management poses challenges for safe disposal. Additionally, insufficient infrastructure exacerbates the situation in low- and middle-income countries.

Conclusion:

Training and awareness programs for caregivers, along with comprehensive policies, are needed to ensure safer and more effective healthcare waste management at home. These measures are critical for reducing infection risks and protecting the environment.