SHAYKH NAZIM AL-QUBRUSI’S THOUGHTS ON AQIDAH ACCORDING TO AHL SUNNAH WALJAMAAH: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF ALLEGATIONS IN ISSUES OF SUFISM
Tesis Pemikiran Akidah Shaykh Nāẓim al-Qubruṣī Menurut Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah: Ulasan Kritikal Terhadap Dakwaan Dalam Isu-Isu Tasawuf
Abstract
This research is a critical review on a Ph.D. thesis entitled ‘Pemikiran Akidah Shaykh Nāẓim al-Qubrūṣī Menurut Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah’ (Shaykh Nazim al-Qubrusi’s thoughts on Aqidah according to Ahl Sunnah WalJamaah) which examines some aspects of Shaykh Nāẓim al-Qubruṣī’s beliefs and Sufistic thought. The findings of the thesis revealed that Shaykh Nāẓim’s teaching was deviated from the absolute teaching of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʽah. Nonetheless, an in-depth review has found that the Ph.D. thesis has several flaws and faults in its methodology and arguments. The author fails to correctly interpret several English idioms and metaphors, deliberately making his own assumptions, and does not consider any scholarship as well as the disagreement (khilāfiyya) on several issues. Moreover, Shaykh Nāẓim’s Sufi order has been certified to be practiced in Negeri Sembilan; thus, this study aims to analyze some misguided allegations the thesis related to the issues of Sufism and examine the author’s interpretation of Shaykh Nāẓim’s words regarding these issues. The research employs textual and analytical studies and the topics discussed including the legitimacy of Shaykh Nāẓim’s Sufi order, the doctrine of Nūr Muḥammad, the saints dressed with God’s attributes, the power stations of the saints, the unique scents of saints, and the saints extended knowledge on the secret sciences in the Quran. The study concludes that the Ph.D. thesis’s allegations are unfounded and deviated from what Shaykh Nāẓim’s meant. The deviations are due to several factors such as completely relying on secondary sources, the negligence on data verification and misunderstanding of English idioms and metaphor. In fact, the author also ignoring the actual context, lack of reading upon theology and Sufism then finally concluded the thesis based on assumptions only.
References
ʽAbd al-ʽAzīz Al-Kubayṭī. 2013. Al-Taṣawwuf al-Islāmī fī al-Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkiyyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʽIlmiyyah.
ʽAbd Allah Al-Hararī. 2009. Al-Taḥdhīr al-Sharʽī al-Wājib. Beirut: Sharikah Dār al-Mashārīʽ.
ʽAbd Allah bin Muḥammad bin al-Ṣiddīq Al-Ghumārī. 2016. Mawsūʽah al-ʽAllāmah al-Muḥaddith al-Mutafannin Sayyidī al-Sharīf ʽAbd Allah bin Muḥammad bin al-Ṣiddīq al-Ghumārī al-Ḥasanī. Ed. Maḥmūd Saʽīd Muḥammad Mamdūḥ. Kaherah: Markaz al-Buḥūth wa al-Dirāsāt bi Kulliyyah al-Ṣafā al-Islāmiyyah bi Mālīziyā.
ʽAbd al-Ḥalīm Maḥmūd. 2021. Qaḍiyyah al-Taṣawwuf – al-Madrasah al-Shādhiliyyah. Kaherah: Dār al-Maʽārif.
ʽAbd al-Qādir ʽĪsā. 2012. Ḥaqāʼiq ʻan al-Taṣawwuf. Aleppo: Dār al-ʽIrfān.
ʽAbd al-Raḥīm Al-Khaznawī. 2015. Al-Ṭarīqah al-Naqshabandiyyah Nashʼatuhā wa Uṣūluhā wa Taṭawwuruhā. Turki: Maktabah Saydā.
ʽAbd al-Wahhāb bin Aḥmad Al-Shaʽrānī. 2019. Laṭāʼif al-Minan wa al-Akhlāq fī Bayān Wujūb al-Taḥadduth bi Niʽmah Allah ʽalā al-Iṭlāq. Pent.: Muʽādh ʽAbd al-Raḥman al-Hawāsh. Damsyik: Dār al-Taqwā.
ʽAbd al-Wahhāb bin Aḥmad Al-Shaʽrānī. 2005. al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā. Pent.: Aḥmad ʽAbd al-Raḥīm al-Sāʼīḥ. Kaherah: Maktabah al-Thaqāfah al-Dīniyyah.
Aḥmad Shihāb al-Dīn bin Ḥajar Al-Haytamī. 2015. Al-Fatāwā al-Ḥadīthiyyah. Ed. Aḥmad ʽInāyah. Damsyik: Dār al-Taqwā.
Aḥmad Zarrūq Al-Fāsī. 1985. Sharḥ Ḥikam Ibn ʽAṭāʼi Allah. Pent.: ʽAbd al-Ḥalīm Maḥmūd. Kaherah: Muʼassasah Dār al-Shaʽb.
Aḥmad Zarrūq Al-Fāsī. 2011. ʽUddah al-Murīd al-Ṣādiq – al-Shaykh Aḥmad Zarrūq Ārāʼuhu al-Iṣlāḥiyyah. Ed. Idrīs ʽAzzūzī. Rabat: Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shuʼūn al-Islāmiyyah.
ʽAlī bin Ḥusayn Al-Kāshifī. 1862. Rushaḥāt ʽAyn al-Ḥayāt. Istanbul: al-Maṭbaʽah al-Mīriyyah.
ʽAlī Jumʽah. 2009. Al-Bayān li Mā Yushgilu al-Adhhān. Kaherah: al-Muqaṭṭam li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʽ.
Ismāʽīl Ḥaqqī,. t.th. Tafsīr Rūḥ al-Bayān. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
ʽIyyāḍ bin Mūsā al-Yaḥṣabī. 2013. Al-Shifā bi Taʽrīf Ḥuqūq al-Muṣṭafā. Pent.: ʽAbduh ʽAlī Kūshak. Dubai: Jāʼizah Dubay al-Dawliyyah li al-Qurʼān al-Karīm.
Keputusan Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Sembilan Bil. 1/2018-1439H pada 24 Januari 2018.
Luthfi Makhasin. 2015. The Politics of Contending Piety: Naqshabandi-Haqqani Sufi Movement and The Struggle for Islamic Activism in Contemporary Indonesia. Australia: School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University.
Luthfi bin Yahya. 2018. Penegasan Kembali Habib Luthfi Atas Thoriqoh Naqsyabandi Haqqani. Diakses pada 27 Ogos 2021. https://youtu.be/6Z0qRXzNvbI.
Markaz al-Naṣr li Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʽah. 2011. Al-Taḥdhīr min al-Madʽū ʽAbd Allah al-Hararī wa Ḥarakah al-Aḥbāsh al-Lubnāniyyah al-Musammāh Jamʽiyyah al-Mashārīʽ al-Khayriyyah al-Islāmiyyah. Jakarta: https://eshaykh.com/doctrine/who-are-the-habashis/. Diakses pada 25 Ogos 2021.
Mohd Asyran Safwan Bin Kamaruzaman. 2020. Pemikiran Akidah Shaykh Nāẓim Al-Qubruṣī Menurut Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah. Tesis PhD. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Moshe Gammer. 1994. Muslim Resistance to The Tsar: Shamil and The Conquest of Chechnia and Dagestan. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Muḥammad Amīn Al-Kurdī. 1329H. al-Mawāhib al-Sarmadiyyah fī Manāqib al-Naqshabandiyyah. Mesir: Maṭbaʽah al-Saʽādah.
Muḥammad Amīn al-Kurdī al-Irbilī. 2014. Tanwīr al-Qulūb fī Muʽāmalah ʽAllām al-Ghuyūb. Pent.: Mājid al-Ḥamawī. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
Muḥammad al-Hāshimī al-Baṣrī Ibn Saʽd. 1997. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā. Pent. Muḥammad ʽAbd al-Qādir ʽAṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʽIlmiyyah.
Muhammad Hisham Kabbani. 2004. Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition. Washington: Islamic Supreme Council of America (ISCA).
Muhammad Hisham Kabbani. 1995. The Naqshabandi Sufi Way: History and Guidebook of The Saints of The Golden Chain. Chicago: Kazi Publications.
Muḥammad bin ʽĪsā Al-Tirmīdhī. 1996. Al-Jāmiʽ al-Kabīr. Pent.: Bashshār ʽAwwād Maʽrūf. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
Muḥammad bin Muḥammad Al-Ghazālī. 2020. Ayyuhā al-Walad. Jeddah: Dār al-Minhāj.
Muḥammad bin Muḥammad Al-Ghazālī. 2019. Jawāhir al-Qurʼān. Jeddah: Dār al-Minhāj.
Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-Mahdī Al-Timsamānī. 2006. Mawlāy ʽAlī Shuqūr – Tarjamatuhu wa Baʽḍu Āthārihi. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʽIlmiyyah.
Muḥammad Nāẓim Al-Qubruṣī. 1980. Mercy Oceans Book One. t.tp: t.pt.
Muḥammad Nāẓim Al-Qubruṣī. 2007. Mercy Oceans Book Two. Cyprus: Spohr Publishers Limited.
Muḥammad Nāẓim Al-Qubruṣī. 2001. Rubies of Resplendence. Sri Lanka. t.pt.
Muḥammad Nāẓim Al-Qubruṣī. 2002. In The Mystic Footsteps of Saints Volume 2. Fenton: Naqshabandi Haqqani Sufi Order.
Muḥammad bin ʽUmar Al-Rāzī. 1420H. Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʽArabī.
Shams al-Dīn al-Dhahabī. 1982. Siyar Aʻlām al-Nubalāʼ. Pent. Shuʻayb al-Arnāʼūṭ & Bashār Maʻrūf dll. Beirut: Muʼassasah al-Risālah.
Shihāb al-Dīn Maḥmūd Al-Alūsī. 1994. Rūḥ al-Maʽānī fī Tafsīr al-Qurʼān al-ʽAẓīm wa al-Sabʽi al-Mathānī. Pent. ʽAlī ʽAbd al-Bārī ʽAṭīyyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʽIlmiyyah.
Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. 1963. Some Aspects of Ṣūfism as Understood and Practised Among the Malays. Ed. Shirle Gordon. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute Ltd.
Copyright (c) 2021 Al-Hikmah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
