HISTORICAL STUDY AND TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF EARLY CHRISTIAN THOUGHT TRANSFORMATIONS

Kajian Sejarah dan Analisis Tekstual Terhadap Tranformasi Awal Pemikiran dalam Agama Kristian

  • Zaifuddin Md Rasip, (Corresponding author) Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Keywords: Bible, Teachings of Jesus, Teachings of Paul, Jew, Christianity

Abstract

Christianity is the world's largest religion, encompassing a diverse range of followers across the globe. Despite its universal appeal, Christianity's origins trace back to teachings initially intended for the Children of Israel. This prompts the question of how the religion transformed into a universal faith suitable for people of all races and ethnicities. While Christianity today embraces a multicultural following, disparities exist between the teachings of Jesus as depicted in the Bible and the current doctrines of the faith. This article aims to explore these differences and, specifically, delve into Bible verses that substantiate the evolution of thought within Christianity. This study analyzes the text of the Bible and identifies the changes that have taken place in Christianity. The results of the study indicate a difference between the teachings of Jesus and contemporary Christianity, thereby substantiating the existence of a transformation of thought within the religion.

Author Biography

Zaifuddin Md Rasip, (Corresponding author), Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Senior Lecturer
Fakulti Pengajian Islam,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
88400 Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah.
Email: zaifuddin@ums.edu.my

References

Achtemeier, P.J. ed. 1985. Harper's Bible Dictinoary. New York: Harper San Francisco.

Anon. 1972. A Reader's Guide to the Holy Bible. New York: Thomas Nelson inc.

Black, L. 1964. Judaism and Christianity. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America.

Barton, G. A. 1990. The Religions of the World. New Delhi: Olympia Publication,

Browning, R. 1993. Who's Who in the New Testament. London: J.M. Dent Ltd.

Bultmann, R. 1951. Jesus and the World. New York: Charles Scribner's Son.

Bultmann, R. 1962. Theology of New Testament. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Charlesworth, J.H. 1990. Shared Ground Among Jews and Christian, A Siries of Exploration. New York: Cross Road.

Connor, J. M. 1996. Paul: A Critical Life. England: Clarendon Press.

Douglas, J. D., ed. 1989. The Concise Dictionary of Christian Tradition Worship Liturgy & History. Great Britain: Marshall Pickering.

Esler, ed. 1995. Modeling Early Christianity, Social-Scientific Studies of the New Testament in its Context. London: Routledge.

Fattah, ʿIrfān Abdel Ḥamīd. 2000. An-Naṣrāniyyah Našātuhā At-Tāriẖīyyah wa Usūl ʿAqāiduhā. Jordan: Dār Amār

Fitzmyer, J. A. 1989. Pauland His Theology. New Jersey: Prentic Hall.

Freed, Edwin D. 1990. The New Testament: A Critical Introduction. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Graham W. J. 1989. Hebrwe Perspectives on the Human Person in the Hellenistic Era. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.

Hofe, L. M. 1994. Religious of the World, New York: Macmillan College Publishing Company.

Hirnells, J. R. ed. 1997. A New Handbook of Living Religion. Oxford: Blackwell Publisher Ltd.

International Student Association (ISA). 1989. Should You Believe in the Trinity. New York: Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of New York.

Ibn Kaṯir, Ismāʿaīl. 1985. Tafsir Al-Qurān Al-ʿAẓīm. Beirut: Dār Ihyā At-Turāṯ Al-ʿArābī.

Kee, H.K. 1990. What Can We Know About Jesus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Küng, H. 1994. Great Christian Thinkers. London: SMC Press.

Küng, H. 1992. Judaism Between Yesterday and Tomorrow. New York: Crossroad Publishing Company.

Lookwood, B. C. W. 1984. Yaʿqūb Al-Qirqīsānī on Jewish Sects and Christianity. Frankfrut: Verlag Peter Lang.

Maccoby, H. 1986. The Mythmaker: Paul and the Inventionof Christianity. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London.

Philips, J. B. 1957. The Gospels Translated in to Modern English. London: Geoffery Bles. Ltd.

Qadri, Abdul Hamid. 1989. Dimension of christianity. Islamabad: Aa'wah Academy, International Islamic University.

Rahner, K. 2018. The Trinity. New York: Crossroad.

Sandmel. 1978. Judaism and Christianity Begining. New York: Oxford University Press.

Sanders, E. P. 1991. Paul. Oxforf: Oxford University Press.

Al-Šarqāwī, Muhammad Abdullāh. 1993. Dirāsāt fī Al-Milal wa An-Nihl: Usūl Al- Māsiḥīyyah wa Al-Hilīniyyah. Qāherah: Maktabāt al-Madāniyyah.

As-Sayūtī, Jalāluddīn dan Al-Mahallī, Jalāluddīn (t.t). Tafsīr al-Jalālaīn. Beirut: Dār al-Mārʿarif.

As-Ṣobūnī, Muhammad ʿAli. 2001. At-Tafsīr Al-Wāḍih Al-Muyassar. Beirut: Al-Maktāb Al-ʿAriḍah

Ibn Taimīyyah. t.t. Al-Jawāb Aṣ-Ṣahīh Liman Baddal Dīn Al-Masīh. Mutabʿi al-Majīd At-Tijārīyyah.

Taylor, N. 1992. Paul Antioch and Jerusalem, A Study in Realition Authotity in Earliest Christianity. England: The University of Sheffield.

Winter, D., ed. 1975. Henry's commentary of The New Testament. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd.

Young, B. H. 1996. Jesus the Jewish Theologian. U.S.A.: Hendrickson Publisher.

Zaifuddin Md Rasip. 2020. Perbandingan Agama Islam dan Kristian. Kuala Lumpur: Telaga Biru.

Zeitlin, I. M. 1990. Jesus and the Judaism of His Time. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Published
2023-12-29
How to Cite
Md Rasip, Z. (2023). HISTORICAL STUDY AND TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF EARLY CHRISTIAN THOUGHT TRANSFORMATIONS. Al-Hikmah, 15(2), 72-94. Retrieved from https://spaj.ukm.my/jalhikmah/index.php/jalhikmah/article/view/504