Kelestarian Penanaman Kelapa Sawit dalam Kalangan Pekebun Kecil di Sri Aman, Malaysia

(Sustainable Farming Practices Amongst Oil Palm Smallholders in Sri Aman, Malaysia)

Abstract

Kajian ini meneliti indikator kelestarian penanaman kelapa sawit dalam kalangan pekebun kecil di Sri Aman, Sarawak dan peranan pihak Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia (MPOB) dan pihak bertanggungjawab yang lain dalam membantu pekebun kecil untuk memupuk amalan pertanian lestari. Pengkaji telah memilih pendekatan penyelidikan secara kuantitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan kaedah soal selidik. 50 orang responden yang terdiri daripada pekebun kecil sawit telah dipilih secara rawak sebagai subjek kajian. Borang soal selidik telah diggunakan untuk mendapat maklumat dan dipersembah secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, bagi indikator kelestarian ekonomi, kebanyakan pekebun kecil sawit di kawasan kajian tidak mencapai kelestarian secara keseluruhan. Pendapatan yang diperolehi oleh pekebun kecil sawit tidak melepasi pendapatan miskin tegar yang telah ditentukan oleh kerajaan dengan menggunakan Pengukuran Garis Kemiskinan (PGK). Manakala kelestarian sosial pula, kajian mendapati bahawa keseluruhan pekebun kecil sawit telah mencapai tahap kelestarian yang amat memperangsangkan. Malangnya, pekebun kecil sawit di kawasan kajian tidak mencapai aspek kelestarian persekitaran. Pekebun kecil sawit di sini tidak semestinya menggunakan amalan pertanian yang baik dan kurang mementingkan penjagaan alam sekitar dalam proses penanaman kelapa sawit. Dari segi peranan MPOB dan pihak bertanggungjawab yang lain pula dilihat tidak begitu komited atau berusaha dalam menyalurkan maklumat serta bantuan kepada pekebun kecil sawit berhubung dengan pertanian lestari. Namun begitu, pekebun kecil sawit mempunyai inisiatif sendiri bagi memastikan aktiviti pertanian yang dilakukan tidak memberi kesan yang kronik kepada alam sekitar. Pendek kata, pihak-pihak bertanggungjawab semestinya mengambil strategi yang drastik agar mampu memastikan pembangunan kelestarian sawit dan sekali gus mencapai matlamat yang telah ditetapkan.

Kata kunci: indikator, kelestarian, kelapa sawit, Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia (MPOB), Pengukuran Garis Kemiskinan (PGK)

ABSTRACT

This study examines the sustainability indicators of oil palm cultivation among smallholders in Sri Aman, Sarawak and the role of the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) and other stakeholders in helping the smallholders to cultivate sustainable agricultural policy. The researcher has chosen an approach to quantitative research using a questionnaire by using survey method. 50 respondents among smallholder oil palm were randomly selected as the subject of study. The questionnaire was used to obtain information and was descriptively presented. Based on the results of the study, for the indicators of economic sustainability, most palm oil smallholders in the study area have not achieved overall sustainability. Income earned by smallholder palm oil has failed the surpassed poverty income determined by the government using the Poverty Line Measurement (PGK). In terms of social sustainability, the study found that all palm oil smallholder had achieved a very high level of sustainability. Unfortunately, palm oil smallholders in the study area did not achieve the environmental sustainability aspect where the measurement environment by using good agricultural policy and found that smallholders are less concerned with environmental care in the oil palm cultivation process. In terms of the role of MPOB and other stakeholders, it is seen as less committed or to provide information and assistance to palm oil smallholders in relation to sustainable agriculture. However, smallholders have their own initiatives to ensure that agricultural activities do not have a chronic impact on the environment. As a conclusion, responsible stakeholder should take drastic strategies in order to ensure the sustainability of palm oil sustainability and achieve stated goals.

Keywords: indicators, sustainability, palm oil, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Poverty Line Measurement (PGK)