Hubungan Antara Sistem Kerja Ergonomik dan Prestasi Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (KKP) di Industri Pembuatan

(Relationship Between Ergonomic Work System and Occupational Safety and Health Performance (OSH) in Manufacturing Industry)

Abstract

Pengurusan aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan merupakan satu isu penting dan ianya berkait rapat dengan keselamatan dan kesihatan masyarakat serta kepada individu yang berada di persekitaran tempat kerja. Aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan kurang dipandang serius oleh pekerja dan organisasi. Ketidakprihatinan terhadap aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan boleh memberi kesan kepada pekerja dan organisasi serta pihak luar terlibat dengan aktiviti organisasi tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang hubungan antara sistem kerja ergonomik dengan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan dalam sektor pembuatan. Seratus empat responden dari beberapa organisasi dalam sektor pembuatan di sekitar daerah Alor Setar dan daerah Kubang Pasu telah dianalisis melalui soal selidik yang diedarkan. Tiga dimensi yang terlibat sebagai pembolehubah bebas untuk mengukur sistem kerja ergonomik merujuk kepada faktor tugas, faktor persekitaran, dan faktor organisasi, sementara prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan sebagai pembolehubah bersandar diukur melalui sakit, tekanan pekerjaan, dan kemalangan pekerjaan. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan masih banyak ruang yang perlu diperbaiki oleh organisasi dan pekerja untuk meningkatkan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan. Didapati juga  kebanyakan organisasi tidak mengadakan latihan keselamatan dengan kerap dan berkala sehingga boleh mendedahkan kepada tahap bahaya kepada pekerja. Oleh itu, pihak pengurusan yang terlibat secara aktif dalam membangunkan kesedaran dan kepentingan aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan mampu menjamin keseinambungan organisasi dengan lebih baik dan berkualiti. 

Kata kunci: ergonomik, sistem kerja ergonomik, keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan,  prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan, sektor pembuatan

ABSTRACT

The development of Malaysia is growing rapidly following the government's desire to make Malaysia an industrialized nation and a fully developed nation by the year 2020. Occupational safety and health management is an important issue and it is closely related to the safety and health of the community as well as to individuals in the environment workplace. Occupational safety and health aspects are less seriously considered by workers and organizations. Concerns about occupational safety and health can affect employees and organizations and outsiders involved with the activities of the organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the ergonomic work system and occupational safety and health performance in the manufacturing sector. This study also gives exposure to workers about the importance of applying the ergonomic work system at work. One hundred and four respondents from several organizations in the manufacturing sector around Alor setar and Kubang Pasu areas were analysed through questionnaires distributed. The three dimensions involved as independent variables to measure ergonomic work systems refer to the task factors, environmental factors, and organizational factors while safety and health performance as dependent variables are measured through pain, occupational stress, and occupational accidents. The findings show that there is still room for improvement by organizations and employees to improve occupational safety and health. The findings also found that most organizations do not hold safety training regularly and regularly. Management who are actively involved in developing the awareness and importance of occupational safety and health will be able to increase the level of security in the workplace. Future research and study boundaries are also discussed.

Keywords: Ergonomic, occupational safety and health, work system model, occupational safety and health performance, manufacturing industry