Pembudayaan Nilai Patriotisme Melalui Mata Pelajaran Sejarah dalam Strategi Pengajaran Guru Sekolah Rendah: Satu Tinjauan Umum
The Cultivation of Patriotism Values Through History Subjects in Primary School Teachers' Teaching Strategies: A General Review
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pembudayaan nilai patriotisme melalui mata pelajaran Sejarah merupakan satu bidang yang meluas terutamanya di peringkat fasa persekolahan. Dalam konteks ini, perwatakan guru sememangnya memainkan peranan penting sebagai watak utama dalam memastikan sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran(PdP) dapat dilaksanakan secara menyeluruh seiring dengan matlamat yang digariskan dalam Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan (FPK). Kertas kerja ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan objektif utama kajian untuk memperincikan strategi pengajaran guru sejarah sekolah rendah dalam membudayakan nilai patriotisme serta dihubungkaitkan dengan isu dan cabaran dalam konteks pembudayaannya melalui mata pelajaran Sejarah dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan tinjauan kajian literatur. Sorotan literatur turut mendapati bahawa strategi pembudayaan nilai patriotisme oleh guru melalui mata pelajaran Sejarah ialah dengan memberi penekanan terhadap konteks seperti aktiviti pembelajaran, penjelasan dan penegasan nilai, latihan dan soal jawab nilai serta contoh teladan yang baik sebagai teras utama pembudayaan. Tinjauan kajian literatur juga menunjukkan isu dan cabaran seperti faktor kekangan masa PdP, tingkah laku murid sepanjang PdP berlangsung dan kekurangan variasi aktiviti pembelajaran turut menjadi penghalang dalam mencapai keberhasilan. Justeru, pendedahan yang diperoleh daripada tinjauan kajian literatur ini mendapati bahawa suatu gambaran jelas dapat dilihat terhadap tahap keberkesanan dalam usaha meningkatkan konteks pembudayaan nilai patriotisme melalui mata pelajaran Sejarah dalam strategi pengajaran guru sekolah rendah.
Kata kunci: Pembudayaan, Nilai Patriotisme, Mata Pelajaran Sejarah, Strategi Pengajaran, Guru Sekolah Rendah
ABSTRACT
Cultivating the value of patriotism through the subject of History is generally seen as a broad and challenging scope, especially in school. In this context, the teachers’ characteristics is the main factor in ensuring that teaching and learning sessions (PdP) in schools can be implemented comprehensively in line with the goals outlined in the National Education Philosophy (FPK). This concept paper is prepared based on the main objective of the study which is to know in detail the teaching strategies of primary school history teachers in inculcating the value of patriotism as well as to relate it with the issues and challenges of inculcating it through the subject of History. This study uses a qualitative approach and is based on literature reviews. The literature reviews found that the strategies used by the primary school teachers to inculcate the value of patriotism through the subject of History is by emphasizing the context through learning activities, clarification and affirmation of values, exercises, question and answer session regarding the values, and by setting good examplar. The literature reviews also showed issues and challenges such as PdP time constraints, student behavior during PdP and the lack of variation in learning activities as obstacles in achieving success. Thus, the findings obtained from these literature reviews give a clear picture of the strategies effectiveness in inculcating the patriotism values through History subject in elementary school.
Keywords: Culture, Patriotism Values, History Subject, Teaching Strategies, Elementary School Teachers
