Kebolehpasaran Graduan UKM: Satu Kajian Perbandingan Antara Graduan Disiplin Sains dengan Bukan Sains

Abstract

ABSTRAK

 

Usaha pengesanan dan menjejaki graduan IPTA telah lama dilaksanakan oleh semua universiti awam di Malaysia, termasuk Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM). Memiliki kerjaya sejurus seorang graduan menamatkan pengajian di sesebuah pusat pengajian tinggi adalah salah satu ukuran kebolehpasaran siswazah. Kajian ini cuba menganalisis kebolehpasaran graduan UKM berjumlah 32546 orang sejak tahun 2006 hingga 2010 yang terbahagi kepada pelajar gugusan sains dan bukan sains. Analisis kajian menggunakan kaedah statistik mudah seperti min dan peratusan. Kajian mendapati tiga status pekerjaan graduan sejurus meninggalkan UKM, iaitu bekerja, mengikuti program pengukuhan sumber manusia, dan belum perolehi pekerjaan. Graduan bekerja merupakan kumpulan terbesar bagi tempoh 2006 -2010, dan didapati tiada perbezaan antara graduan sains dan bukan sains. Namun, garaduan sains lebih besar nisbahnya bagi kategori pemantapan sumber manusia, tetapi lebih kecil nisbahnya bagi yang belum memperolehi pekerjaan. Sektor kerajaan dan swasta tempatan adalah tumpuan graduan UKM, diikuti sektor swasta asing. Keseluruhannya, kebolehpasaran graduan UKM dianggap secara relatif baik, dan dengan itu masih terdapat ruang yang perlu ditingkatkan menerusi program pembangunan kerjaya dan latihan industri di UKM. Selain itu, pelajar perlu digalakkan berniaga menerusi meningkatkan program keusahawanan supaya graduan tidak terlalu bergantung kepada pasaran kerja.

Kata kunci: Kebolehpasaran; disiplin sains; disiplin bukan sains; graduan; kemahiran insaniah

 

ABSTRACT

 

Task to trace and to tract graduates from the institute of higher learning has long been the excercise of universities, including Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Graduates gaining employment as soon as they leave universities is one indicator of employability. This study aims to analyse the employability of 32546 UKM graduates since 2006 through 2010, who are divided into science graduates and non science graduates. Data of the study was analysed using simple stastics such as mean and percentages to describe distribution pattern between groups and trend between years. This study divided the employment status of UKM graduates after graduation into three categories, namely employed, undergoing human resource programmes and unemployed. Employed graduates are the biggest group for the period 2006 – 2010, and the study found there is no significant different between science and non science graduates. However, the proportions of science graduate was slightly more undergoing human resource programmes but less in the unemployed category as compared to non science graduates. The study also found that the main employer of UKM graduates were the government and the local private sector, followed by foreign companies. On the whole, UKM graduates employability is consedered moderate and hence the need to improve employability through career development programmes and industrial training in the university. Besides, students must be encouraged to venture into business via entrepreneurship programmes so as to be independent of jobs market.

Keywords: Employablity; Science discipline; non-science discipline; graduate; soft skills